IUCN - Ecosystems & Livelihoods

The ecosystem approach was adopted by the CBD in 2000 as the primary framework for action under the Convention. It was also endorsed by the World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002). It aims to manage the ecosystem, based on the multiple functions that ecosystems perform and the multiple uses that are made of these functions (IUCN).

The 12 principles of the ecosystem approach can be summarised into three main themes:

It operates on large scales or “Landscapes”. Conservation should consider the structure, functions, and dynamism of the ecosystems. Ecosystem managers should set long-term objectives considering the effects on adjacent and other ecosystems.
It addresses the root causes of biodiversity loss. Ecosystem managers should address the economic drivers adversely affecting biodiversity, align incentives to promote an appropriate balance and the integration of conservation and the sustainable use of biodiversity, as well as internalise costs and benefits.
It involves a wide range of relevant actors, the decentralization of management at the lowest level, and consideration of the different societal choices and knowledge.

IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature