Entire WPC Programme - Vth World Parks Congress, 8-17 September 2003, Durban, South Africa

Report of the Workshop // Stream Focus // Programme // Documents

Cocos Island, World Heritage Site, Photo: Georgrina Peard

Gaps in the System

Report of the Workshop

The objectives of this stream were to: review the rationale for building comprehensive PA systems; assess the status of global PA coverage with a focus on terrestrial, mountain, marine, and freshwater systems and on poorly represented biomes; identify gaps in PA systems and ways to address them; and address global change factors and best practice for PA design.

The workshop stream included sessions on the world database on PAs; terrestrial biodiversity; strategies and tools for regional and national approaches to building comprehensive MPA networks; data development strategies for a global freshwater gap analysis; global change; decision support tools for conservation planning; and the cost of effective PA systems.

Separate sessions also focused on: Africa and Eurasia; the Americas; the Asia-Pacific region; methodologies for assessing gaps in the protection of freshwater biodiversity; strategies towards a comprehensive global gap analysis; and wilderness and landscape linkages for biodiversity conservation.

Participants agreed that a concerted effort is needed to ensure that the global PA system is comprehensive, adequate and representative. Key messages included that the global, regional, and national PA networks are far from complete, and that a focus on threatened species and globally important sites, habitats, and realms, including the marine realm, is required.

Noting that scarce conservation resources demand the strategic selection of new PAs, participants urged nations to consider biodiversity-based targets, particularly threatened biodiversity, when determining future priorities for PA network establishment. Participants agreed that, since biodiversity is of global importance, current management shortfalls, particularly in developing countries, and the future costs associated with establishing and managing comprehensive global PA systems, should be a global responsibility. Participants called for cooperation with local communities and other sectors to improve PA coverage.

Stressing that a comprehensive global PA system must incorporate the potential vagaries of biophysical change, especially climate change, participants concluded that anticipated changes should be addressed when planning comprehensive PA systems.

The stream approved recommendations on building comprehensive and effective PA systems, and climate change and PAs.

Building a Comprehensive Protected Area System Brief - PDF Document

Stream Focus

Review the rationale for building comprehensive PA systems;

Assess the status of global PA coverage with a focus on terrestrial, mountain, marine, and freshwater systems and poorly represented biomes;

Identify gaps in PA systems and ways to address them including a review of international designations,

Address global change factors; and best practice PA design at different levels.

Programme

Building Comprehensive Protected Areas Systems
Leads: Mohamed I. Bakarr and Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International

Thursday 11 // Friday 12 // Saturday 13

Time // Place	Thursday 11 09:00-12:30 // 14:00-17:00
09:00-12:30 HALL 2BH	Session 1: Plenary The morning plenary session will include two major introductory presentations to outline the historical context of PAs and conservation of global biodiversity, as well as establish the framework and rationale for a global analysis for building comprehensive system of PAs. This will be followed by a series of short introductory presentations to highlight challenges particularly with respect to the need, knowledge gaps and availability of various data types for undertaking gap analysis and addressing PA coverage at the global scale. These talks will set the stage for working sessions during the afternoon breakout groups. Outline of Presentations - Historical perspective and challenge for the 21st Century // Russ Mittermeier, CI - Scaling-up conservation to protect biodiversity // Gustavo Fonseca, CI - Contribution of Large-scale conservation planning to comprehensive PA systems // Eric Dinerstein & Bill Eichbaum, WWF-US - Overview and objectives of workshop stream // Mohamed Bakarr & Gustavo Fonseca, CI-CABS - State of knowledge, challenges and data needs for achieving comprehensive global coverage of protected areas // Session 2 Working leaders
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14:00-17:00	SESSION 2 - CONCURRENT WORKING GROUPS These sessions will examine data needs and approaches for assessing biodiversity conservation priorities and identifying PA gaps at various scales; Emphasis will be placed on assessment of various data types to: - understand the state of knowledge and implications for a global conducting gap analysis; - discuss issues related to enhancing availability and user access, including associated institutional and legal challenges; - develop consensus statements on maximizing their value for establishment and management of PAs in the 21st Century for inclusion in WPC recommendations.
14:00-17:00 ROOM 11CD	Session 2A. The World Database on Protected Areas -- Leads: Silvio Olivieri, CI-CABS; Tom Moritz, AMNH; Stuart Chape, UNEP-WCMC; and Neil Burgess, WWF-US Current status of the WDPA and emerging strategy for improving accuracy in coverage and engaging institutional partners and PA experts in management and updating; the working session will focus on providing input and actions recommendations into ongoing processes involving the WDPA consortium, including the need for accurate spatial data (PA polygons), consideration of all types of PAs other than those defined by the IUCN categories (e.g. Community Conserved and Indigenous Areas), level of details to be included in a global database, and the need to address problems associated with obtaining access to these data. The working session might also engage participants in review and updating the existing database.
14:00-17:00 ROOM 2BH-1	Session 2B. Terrestrial biodiversity -- Leads: Thomas Brooks, CI-CABS; and Simon Stuart, CI-CABS/IUCN/SSC Outline of Presentations - Introduction // Thomas Brooks, CI-CABS - IUCN Red List overview // Craig Hilton-Taylor, IUCN - Mammals // Wes Sechrest, CI-CABS/IUCN/SSC - Biodiversity Assessment Unit Birds // Leon A. Bennun, BirdLife International - Amphibians and reptiles // Simon Stuart, CI-CABS/IUCN/SSC - Biodiversity Assessment Unit Plants in Danger: What do we know? // Wendy Strahm, IUCN/SSC - Invertebrates // Leeanne Alonso, CI-CABS - Taxonomy and systematics // Nick King and Chris Lyal, Bionet International - Combining biodiversity and environmental data // Simon Ferrier, New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, Australia; and George Powell, WWF-US
14:00-17:00 HALL 2BH	Session 2C. Strategies and Tools for Regional and National Approaches to Building Comprehensive MPA Networks (Marine Cross-cutting) Leads: Michael Smith (US) & Antonio Perera (Cuba) "Session will review existing & new tools for establishing MPA networks at national & regional scales. It aims to review different PA approaches incorporating connectivity within MPA networks. Session will examine mechanisms to complete the global mapping of marine protected areas to enhance national & regional gap-analyses as well as evaluation of threatened marine species under the IUCN Red List criteria. Speakers: Michael Smith (US), Sixto Inchaustegui (Dominican Republic), Annadel Cabanban (Malaysia), Deon Nel (South Africa), Jon Day (Australia), Kathy Walls (New Zealand), Dan Laffoley (UK), Rili Djohani (Indonesia)
14:00-17:00 ROOM 2BH-2	Session 2D. Data Development Strategy for a Global Freshwater Gap Analysis -- Leads: Michael Smith, CI-CABS & Scott Miller, NMNH Outline of Presentations - The Current State of Information about Biodiversity in Inland Waters // Scott MillerNMNH - Distributional Data for Other Freshwater Invertebrates // Michael Samways, University of Natal - Distributional Data for Freshwater Vertebrates // Michael Smith, CI-CABS - Distributional Data for Freshwater Insects // Dan Polhemus, NMNH - Data and Networks for Assessing Threats to Freshwater Species // Will Darwall, IUCN
14:00-17:00 ROOM 2BH-3	Session 2E. Global Change I Leads: Lee Hanna, CI-CABS & Enrique Martinez, UNAM Outline of Presentations - Data needs for assessing species range shifts due to climate change // Enrique Martinez, UNAM - Invasive species and forest loss data needs // Victor Sanchez Cordero, CONABIO - Assessing the effects of global habitat change on protected areas and threatened or endangered species: Examples from Madagascar // Marc Steininger, CI-CABS - Rapid response and data distribution systems for GIS and remote sensing data for managing protected areas in the context of global change // Diane Davis, University of Maryland - Monitoring for change: a collaborative research model // Alvaro Espinel, CI-CABS - Overview and synthesis: data needs for conservation in a changing world // Lee Hannah, CI-CABS
14:00-17:00 ROOM 11A	Session 2F. Decision Support Tools for Conservation Planning -- Lead: Bob Pressey, New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service Outline of Presentations - Introduction and overview - Summary of issues from the international working group on conservation planning tools // Bob Pressey, New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service - Case study #1: Planning tools in theory and practice: fifteen years of development and application in South Africa // Mandy Lombard, CI - Case study #2: Review of planning tools in the marine environment // Romolo Stewart, University of Queensland - Using planning tools to design for persistence of species // Emily Nicholson & Kerrie Wilson, University of Queensland - Planning for implementation: a role for planning tools in securing effective conservation action // Andrew Knight, University of Port Elizabeth
14:00-17:00 ROOM 11B	Session 2G. How Much Will Effective Protected Area Systems Cost? Day 1 Leads: Aaron Bruner, CI-CABS & John Hanks, CI Southern Africa Wilderness Program The goal of this session is to present information and generate discussion aimed at improving understanding of financial needs for effective protected area systems. It will also highlight the range of methodologies available for assessing financial need. The session will be composed of two three-hour working sessions on September 11th and 12th. Day 1 (Session 2G) will consist of a series of presentations on the costs of creating and managing protected areas. Presentations will come from a range of perspectives and scales, and will illustrate the financial needs in different countries and regions, as well as the range of methods that have been used to estimate these needs. Presentations will also raise issues related to using increased financing as a means to improving management effectiveness, including management challenges that funding cannot address, important linkages between funding and monitoring, linkages with long-term funding mechanisms, and others. Outline of Presentations - Introduction // JJohn Hanks, CI Southern Africa Wilderness Program - Estimating Global Costs of Conservation // Andrew Balmford, University of Cambridge - Protected Area Management Costs in Ghana: Requirements and Reality // Nick Ankudey, Wildlife Division, Forestry Commission, Ghana (with Ben Volta-Tineh and Peter C. Howard) - Modeling the Financial Needs of Protected Area Systems: An Application of the Minimum Conservation System Design Tool // Daan Vreugdenhil , World Institute for Conservation and Environment - Setting Standards to Justify Park Operating Costs // Michael Finley, Turner Foundation - Planning for the Future: The Experience of Developing a Sustainable Finance Strategy for the Bolivian National Protected Area System // Sonia Cammarata, Desarrolladora de Proyectos, AVINA Foundation - A Detailed Assessment of the Budgetary Shortfall for Protected Areas in the Western Cape Province, South Africa // David Daitz, Western Cape Nature Conservation Board - Determining a Price Tag for a Conservation Bargain: Integrating Ecological and Management Factors to Estimate Costs of Implementing a Conservation Plan for South Africa's Cape Floristic Region // Sarah Frazee, CI - Preliminary Estimates of the Budget Shortfall for Protected Areas in Angola // Abias Huongo, Rede Maiombe and Juventude Ecologica Angolana - Poster: "Financial Needs and Economic Possibilities in Building a Comprehensive Protected Area Network in Madagascar." // Jean-Christophe Carret, Environment and Social Development Unit/Africa Region, World Bank
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Friday 12 09:00-12:30 // 14:00-17:30
09:00-12:30 HALL 2BH	Session 3: Plenary Global Assessments and Gaps in the System The morning Plenary will include presentations and discussions to address the following issues: - Big picture coverage of the existing PA system, and overview of species not included in the network (i.e. species that are absolutely absent or that do not meet the targets defined for being 'adequately protected') - Are there particular biases in the gap species? (Concentration in particular taxa? Are they generally highly restricted species? Bias for some ecological aspects? Bias for some regions?) - Where are the un- or under-represented species? Maps of richness of these species should give an idea of which geographical areas have been more neglected in terms of allocation of Pas - Where to put new areas to cover the gaps? Complementarity analysis; general overview on addressing human related concerns - Irreplaceability: Alliance for Zero Extinction results, gives irreplaceable sites for both new proposed areas and already designated PAs. Outline of Presentations - Brief Summary on state of knowledge, challenges and data needs // Session 2 Working Group Leaders (5 minutes each) - A global habitat assessment using land cover, protected areas, and human population // Tim Boucher& Roger Sayre, The Nature Conservancy - Gaps and Challenges in Global Plant Conservation // Jane Smart, Plantlife International - Identifying site-scale gaps in the Protected Areas system: Important Bird Areas and Key Biodiversity Areas // Leon Bennun, BirdLife International; Thomas Brooks, CI-CABS; Lincoln Fishpool, BirdLife International; & Mike Evans, BirdLife International - The Alliance for Zero Extinction - Mike Parr, American Bird Conservancy - "Gaps in the global systems" - Results of a species-based global gap analysis of the world's protected area system // Ana Rodrigues & Thomas Brooks, CI-CABS
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14:00-17:30	Session 4: Working Group Sessions Strategies for Acheiving Comprehensive Coverage and Integration of Change Variables (Part I) This session will convene a series of breakout working groups to closely examine and review results of the global gap analysis and develop action recommendations for building comprehensive PA systems. These sessions will also serve as platform for addressing many of the issues that are specific to particular regions and/or biomes in relation to priorities for enhancing adequate coverage of PA systems. Special emphasis will be placed on addressing contribution of Community Conserved and Indigenous Areas, importance and contribution of World Heritage Sites in enhancing PA coverage, integrating global change issues in building PA systems, and regional/landscape approaches for establishment and management of PAs. This will ensure that the focus of a building a global PA systems also gives adequate consideration to the need to look "beyond boundaries" of the PAs and the need to address issues that make the systems work.
14:00-17:30 ROOM 2BH-1	Session 4A: Africa and Eurasia Leads: Hazell Shokellu Thompson, BirdLife International & Luigi Boitani, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" The focus of this Working Group Session is to assess the adequacy of the current coverage of the Protected Area systems in Africa and Europe for protection of threatened species and habitats, identify gaps in the system, make recommendations for filling those gaps and assess the human, financial and social implications for building a more comprehensive PA system. We envisage that the session will start with a series of brief 5-10 minute presentations to introduce issues and stimulate thinking for discussion. For both Africa and Europe we hope to have presentations at different scales (regional, sub-regional and national) which: a) show the current status of PA coverage, b) identify gaps c) suggest ways of filling these gaps and d) draw attention to the human, financial and social opportunity costs for filling those gaps. We anticipate that presentations will take up no more than one hour, so the remaining time will be allotted to discussing and answering the following questions (methodology to be determined): a) What are the criteria for considering species "adequately protected" b) Which threatened species in Africa and Europe are not "adequately protected" c) Where are the major gaps? In terms of i) taxa ii) biomes and geographical areas? d) What should be done to fill these gaps? e) Where should we put new PAs to cover these gaps? f) Are PAs the only answer to ensuring "adequate protection"? g) What will be the likely opportunity costs for filling these gaps? h) Where will these opportunity costs be greatest and how can they be ameliorate. We will spend the last 30 minutes wrapping up and finalising recommendations for the plenary. Outline of Presentations Africa - Africa PA gap analysis using the habitat suitability models of terrestrial vertebrates // Carlo Rondinini & Luigi Boitani, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" - Africa PA gap analysis using Important Bird Areas (IBAs) as a model // Hazell Thompson & Julius Arinaitwe, BirdLife International - A sub-regional protected area gap analysis of the Eastern Arc/Coastal Forests in East Africa // Paul Matiku, NatureKenya - How the current network and the future vision of protected areas and landscapes will contribute to the conservation of the biological diversity of Madagascar // Frank Hawkins, CI Madagascar - Opportunity costs for developing PA systems in Africa // TBD Eurasia - Natura 2000: A first regional network of key biodiversity areas? // Alistair Gammell, RSPB - Fine scale analysis of the efficiency of protected areas in conserving Italian Vertebrates // Luigi Boitani, Alessandra Falcucci, Luigi Maiorano and Alessandro Montemaggiori, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" & Institute Applied Ecology - The Gap Analysis of Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and the role of the Europarc Action Plan in filling those gaps // Jose Vicente de Lucio - Mediterranean Gaps in Europe's protected area system // Roger Crofts, IUCN/WCPA Regional Vice Chair for Europe - Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Africa and Europe // Neil Burgess, WWF-US
14:00-17:30 HALL 2BH	Session 4B: The Americas Leads: Pablo Marquet, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile & Sandy J. Andelman, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis The focus of this Working Group Session is to assess the adequacy of the current coverage of the Protected Area systems in North and South America for protection of threatened species and habitats. Regional and national level case studies are presented on identifying gaps in the existing protected area system, making recommendations for filling the gaps to achieve a more comprehensive PA system based on human, financial and social realities. Outline of Presentations - Gap Analysis: A conservation assessment program // J. Michael Scott - A preliminary assessment of habitat representation in protected areas of Latin America and the Caribbean: an ecoregional approach // Jan Schipper, WWF-US - Patterns of Bat Diversity in the New World and Prospects for Conservation // Sand Andelman, NCEAS - The ARPA Project and the design of a protected area system for the Brazilian Amazon // Rosa Lemos, WWF-Brazil - Prioritising new areas for conservation in the Brazilian Amazon: a gap analysis using primates // Jose Maria Cardoso da Silva, CI Center for Biodiversity Conservation - Building a comprehensive system of protected areas for Quebec // Michel Bergeron, Ministère de l'Environnement du Québec - Assessing gaps in the conservation of Chilean vertebrates // Pablo A. Marquet, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
14:00-17:30 ROOM 2BH-2	Session 4C: Asia-Pacific Region Leads: XIE Yan, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Jatna Supriatna, Conservation International Indonesia Program The focus of this Working Group Session is to assess the adequacy of the current coverage of the Protected Area systems in the Asia and Pacific regions for protection of threatened species and habitats. Regional and national level case studies are prersented on identifying gaps in the existing protected area system, making recommendations for filling the gaps to achieve a more comprehensive PA system based on human, financial and social realities. Each presentation will last 20 mins, and the Session will wrap up with a hal-hour discussion on key priority issues for recommendtation to the Congress. Outline of Presentations Introduction and Overview // Jatna Suprijatna, CI Indonesia - The Protected Area, Critical Endangered Species and Ecosystem in Indonesia: A Review // Ad Susmianto, Director of National Parks and Protected Area, Indonesia - GAP Analysis on PA system of China // XIE Yan, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Assessing species distribution for gaps in protected area coverage on the Philippines // Marion Antonnete Abuel, CI Philippines - Planning a Comprehensive Protected Area System for Central Asia // Othman Llewellyn, National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development, Saudi Arabia - Linking Biological Corridors for Conservation and Development: A Case Study From Bhutan // Mingma Norbu Sherpa, WWF-US & Sangay Wangchuk, Nature Conservation Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Bhutan - Establishing a comprehensive protected area network as the cornerstone for the conservation of the forests of the Lower Mekong // Michael Baltzer, WWF Indochina - Conservation Without Borders: Towards Doing Successful Biodiversity Conservation in Melanesia // Gaikovina Kula, CI Center for Biodiversity Conservation - Discussions
14:00-17:30 ROOM 2BH-3	Session 4D: Methodologies for Assessing Gaps in Protection for Freshwater Biodiversity Leads: Michele Thieme & Robin Abell, WWF-US and Andre Kamdem Toham, WWF Central Africa Regional Program The goal of this session is to lay the foundation for a long-term discussion within the WCPA on protecting freshwater biodiversity. In concert with better mainstreaming freshwater concerns into protected area design, we must generate an improved understanding of the level and extent to which freshwater biodiversity is currently protected around the world. The outputs of this session will be an evaluation of methods for assessing gaps in protection for freshwater species and habitats, an identification of information needs for improved future assessments, and recommendations on methods for improving protection for freshwater biodiversity. As the Vth World Parks Congress is slated to "explore and propose new and innovative policies, strategies, and practices," this topic is particularly relevant as well as timely, given the urgent need to protect freshwater biodiversity and the lack of previous WCPA discussions on this important subject. Outline of Presentations - Bridging the Gaps: Experiences in aquatic biodiversity conservation in southern Africa // Paul Skelton, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - The global Ramsar site network: What does it cover... and what could it cover? // Ramsar Bureau and Wetlands International - Identifying Conservation Gaps for Riverine Ecosystems: Putting things into proper context and assessing multiple forms of public ownership and human stressors // Scott Sowa, Missouri Aquatic GAP - Assessing gaps in protection for the freshwater biodiversity of the Guinean-Congolian region and integrating freshwater protection into terrestrial conservation efforts // Andre Kamdem Toham, WWF CARPO - The freshwater biodiversity of the CAPE: Assessing gaps in protection and methods for covering them // Jenny Day, CAPE Project/University of Cape Town - Effective protection for freshwater biodiversity: A methodology based on species criteria and environmental flows // Will Darwall, IUCN
14:00-17:30 ROOM 11CD	Session 4E: Towards a comprehensive global gap analysis Leads: Ana Rodrigues & Thomas Brooks, CI-CABS This session will start by exploring the data, results and limitations of the recently completed global gap analysis of terrestrial vertebrates. It will explore how future assessment can be improved moving towards a more comprehensive global gap analysis that is representative of broader biological diversity and that addresses biodiversity persistence (beyond mere presence) more effectively. Speakers: Ana. S.L. Rodrigues & Thomas. M. Brooks (USA), Carlos Rondinini & Luigi Boitani (Italy), Simon Ferrier (Australia), George Powell, Niel Burgess & Tom Allnutt (USA), Lincoln Fishpool (UK).
14:00-17:30 ROOM 11B	Session 4F: How Much Will Effective Protected Area Systems Cost? Day 2 Leads: Aaron Bruner, CI-CABS & John Hanks, CI Southern Africa Wilderness Program This second session will begin with three presentations on financial needs followed by a summary of central issues that have been raised in presentations and by participants. This summary will be followed by work in smaller breakout groups to discuss cost estimates themselves, address important linkages with other aspects of management, and make recommendations. The goal will be to finish the session with a practical set of recommendations accompanying refined estimates of costs of recurrent management and establishment for functional protected area systems. These findings will be presented in the closing plenary of the Building Comprehensive Protected Area Systems Stream as a major component in moving towards the creation of functional global protected area systems. Outline of Presentations - Making Conservation Pay: a Private Sector Perspective // Colin Bell, Wilderness Safaris - Establishing Protected Area Costs: the Case of Madagascar // León Rajaobelina, Conservation International-Madagascar - The Financing of National Parks in Gabon // René Adiahéno, Conseil National des Parcs Nationaux, Gabon - Synthesis // Aaron Bruner, CI-CABS - Discussion in Breakout Groups Poster: "Financial Needs and Economic Possibilities in Building a Comprehensive Protected Area Network in Madagascar." // Jean-Christophe Carret, Environment and Social Development Unit/Africa Region, The World Bank
14:00-17:30 ROOM 11A	Session 4G: Wilderness and landscape linkages for biodiversity conservation Leads: Brendan Mackey (Australia) Session will discuss the challenges and opportunities of assessment, planning and managing for landscape linkages and wild processes. Speakers: Brendan Mackey (Australia), Lawrence S. Hamilton (USA), Bittu Sahgal (India), Jim Thorsell
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Saturday 13 09:00-12:00 // 14:00-17:00
09:00-12:00	Session 5 : Working Group Sessions Strategies for Achieving Comprehensive Coverage and Integration of Change Variables (Part II ) Continuation of Working Group Sessions, including direct extensions of those that were started in Session 4, as well as additional sessions linked to the agenda for building comprehensive PA systems.
09:00-12:00 HALL 2BH	Session 5A : MPAs - The Next 20 Years and Beyond: Incorporating Resilience into MPA Design and Management Marine Cross-cutting Stream Leads: Rod Salm, (Netherlands), Noah Idechong, (Palau) Session will address how MPA managers can mitigate the impacts of large-scale threats & enhance ecosystem recovery. The session will examine the concept of resilience in MPA network design & management and the relevant processes & tools. Speakers: Rod Salm, Leanne Fernandes (Australia), Satie Airame (USA), David Obura (Kenya), Melita Samoilys, Callum Roberts (UK), Clive Wilkinson (Australia), Noah Idechong
09:00-12:00 ROOM 2BH-1	Session 5B : Taking a Landscape Approach to the Design of Systems of Protected Areas Leads: Craig Groves, WCS & James Sanderson, CI-CABS The purposes of this session are four-fold: 1. Introduce participants to the concepts of landscape ecology that are directly relevant to the design and management of systems of protected areas 2. Provide an overview of some of the different landscape-level approaches to conservation being used worldwide 3. Present and discuss several specific examples of how taking a landscape approach to the design of protected areas is having a demonstrable, positive effect for biodiversity conservation 4. Provide a synthesis of methods and approaches that cut across these different examples and the lessons being learned in their application Outline of Presentations - Introduction of Session // Craig Groves, WCS - A Primer on Landscape Ecology // Sanjayan Muttulingam, TNC - An Overview of Landscape-Scal Approaches to Biodiversity Conservation // Jim Sanderson, CI-CABS - Landscape Example #1: Applying the Landscape Approach to Conservation of Centra Truong Son in Vietnam // Nigel Dudley, Equilibrium - Landscape Example #2: Application of the Landscape Species Approach to the Patagonian Large Marine Ecosystem (The Sea and Sky Project) // Claudio Campagna, Centro Nacional Patagonico / WCS - Landscape Example # 3: Lessons from Biodiversity Corridor Planning in Mata Atlantica and Madagascar // Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, CI-CABS - Landscape Example #4: Application of the 5-S Approach to Conservation Planning in Nevados de Chillan, Chile // Claudio Delgado, Coordinador Programa Biodiversidad - Landscape Example #5: Protected Areas as Anchors for Large Conservation Landscapes in East Africa // Helen Gichohi, African Wildlife Foundation - Synthesis of Session // Craig Groves, WCS
09:00-12:00 ROOM 2BH-3	Session 5C : Global Change II - Area Selection and Protected Area Design - Leads: Lee Hannah, CI-CABS & Miguel Araujo, University of Evora This session will present global scale analysis of climate change links to protected areas, and implications for building and managing comprehensive systems. Issues to be addressed include integrating climate change effects into protected areas selection, dealing with uncertainty in protected areas selection, issues of surrogacy, timing and climate change in protected areas selection, selecting protected areas in a dynamic land use setting, and incorporating multiple change factors into selection processes. Outline of Presentations - Selecting protected areas for climate change and habitat suitability in Southern Europe // Miguel Araujo, University of Evora - Tools for systematic protected areas selection in the real world: comparative performance of different approaches in the face of habitat loss over time // Sandy Andelman, NCEAS - Multi-species modeling of the Proteas of the the Cape Floristic Region and its application to reserve selection // Guy Midgley, National Botanical Institute - Selecting marine protected areas for connectivity and resilience to climate change // Lara Hansen, WWF-US - Limiting change, coping with change: policy implications of global change for protected areas strategies // Lee Hannah, CI-CABS
09:00-12:00 ROOM 2BH-2	Session 5D : Alliance for Zero Extinction - Lead: Michael Parr, American Bird Conservancy The Alliance for Zero Extinction is a partnership of conservation organizations, which are joining efforts to map sites throughout the world that are the sole areas in which Critically Endangered or Endangered species can be effectively conserved. These are sites that need immediate conservation concern if further species extinctions are to be avoided. For these, AZE will furthermore collect data on their conservation status (protected or not), and promote the conservation of those sites not currently protected. In this process, AZE will effectively do a gap analysis of what are probably amongst the world's top conservation priorities at a site scale. The AZE is currently focusing on vertebrate data, although this is to be extended to other taxa as well. The purpose of this session is to present the methods and criteria used in the designation of AZE sites, present results obtained in various regions of the world, and stimulate debate and interaction with the participants regarding the identification and conservation of these sites. Outline of Presentations - Introduction // Tom Brooks, CI-CABS - Overview // Eric Dinerstein, WWF-US - Purpose and Outputs // Michael Parr, American Bird Conservancy - AZE Site Selection Criteria // Michael Hoffman, CI-CABS - Regional Overviews: Americas // Angélica Estrada, BirdLife International Asia/Pacific // Taylor Ricketts ,WWF-US Africa/Eurasia // Neil Burgess, WWF-US Protecting AZE Sites // Leon Bennun, BirdLife International - Questions and Wrap-up // Michael Parr, American Bird Conservancy
09:00-12:00 ROOM 11A	Session 5E : Systematic conservation planning and implementation - the South African experience Lead: Richard Cowling, University of Port Elizabeth Over the past ten years, South African conservation scientists and practitioners have made substantive and novel contributions to systematic conservation planning. These contributions have been largely stimulated by bioregional conservation planning studies in the Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Succulent Karoo and Subtropical Thicket regions, as well as several local studies, which have aimed to identify "real-world" implementation opportunities. Notable among these contributions are novel insights on (i) the use and limitations of biodiversity data, (ii) the incorporation of ecological and evolutionary processes as biodiversity features for planning, (iii) accommodation of climate change impacts for planning, (iv) the identification of explicit targets for biodiversity features, (v) the simultaneous achievement of targets for multiple biodiversity features in regional conservation plans, (vi) the identification of planning frameworks that explicitly incorporate implementation opportunities and constraints, and (vii) the mainstreaming of conservation planning outputs into national, regional and local land use planning processes. The contributions listed below will highlight these novel insights in a South African context. Three hours have been allocated for the workshop. Twelve minutes will be allocated to each paper. Discussion time will comprise two 30-minute slots after each section of the symposium. The presentations will be focussed on the major outcomes, leaving aside details that are not relevant for a general audience. Questions regarding details of methods etc. can be addressed in response to questions in the discussion time. Outline of Presentations Section 1: Techniques in Conservation Assessment The role of species data in regional conservation plans: case studies from South Africa Lead: AT Lombard, // Contributors: PG Desmet, RM Cowling, RL Pressey Integrating ecological and evolutionary processes into conservation plans: examples from three southern African ecoregions Lead: M Rouget, // Contributors: RM Cowling, DM Richardson, PG Desmet, RL Pressey Using species-area relations to identify biodiversity-based targets for land classes Lead: PG Desmet // Contributor: RM Cowling Accommodating megaherbivores and predators in conservation plans: a new approach Lead: GIH Kerley, // Contributors: AF Boshoff, RL Pressey, R Sims-Castley, S Wilson Conservation planning for pattern and process: a case study from the Gariep Basin, South Africa Lead: B Reyers Section 2: Implementing Conservation Planning Devising a framework for effective conservation implementation: generic issues and an example from South Africa's subtropical thicket biome Lead: AT Knight, // Contributors: RM Cowling, AF Boshoff Conservation planning and implementation in KwaZulu-Natal Lead: P Goodman, // Contributor: R Scott-Shaw Implementing the Greater Addo Elephant National Park: socio-economic constraints and opportunities Lead: J Gordon, // Contributors: M Knight, G Castley Mainstreaming the outcomes of systematic conservation planning for implementation: examples from ecoregional conservation assessments in South Africa Lead: RM Cowling, // Contributors: MA Botha, PG Desmet, A Driver, AT Lombard, K Maze, SM Pierce Lessons learnt from southern African ecoregional conservation planning projects Lead: A Driver, // Contributors: RM Cowling, K Maze
09:00-12:00 ROOM 11CD	Session 5F : World Heritage Sites and Transboundary Conservation: Building a Comprehensive World Heritage List Leads: Elizabeth Wangari, Ishwaran Natarajan & Guy Debonnet, UNESCO World Heritage Center This session will explore how transboundary World Heritage nominations can be used in building a comprehensive World Heritage List. The objectives of the session are: a) Review the Natural World heritage network b) Demonstrate the potential of Transboundary World Heritage sites c) Analyse a number of case studies on transboundary cooperation in World Heritage sites that lessons on opportunities and possible pitfalls. d) Review the prospects for using the World Heritage Convention to prompt Transborder Protected areas Outline of Presentations General Introduction - Reviewing the Natural World Heritage Network // Stuart Chape, UNEP-WCMC - Transboundary World Heritage Sites: Identifying gas and building bridges // Elizabeth Wangari, UNESCO World Heritage Center & Juliet Fall, University of Geneva - Using the World Heritage as a tool for transboundary sites // Prof. Mumma, Faculty of Law of Nairobi Case studies on World Heritage Sites and transboundary cooperation: - Beloveshskaya Pushcha/Bialowieza Forest Transboundary World Heritage Site // Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Bialowieza National Park - Les Monts Nimba: Site transfrontalier du patrimoine mondial // Saramady Touré, UNDP - Transborder Cooperation in the Virunga mountains/Bwindi National Park/Virunga National Park // Annette Lanjouw, International Gorilla Conservation Programme - The preparation of a transborder World Heritage nomination in Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Sarawak (Malaysia) // Manggil Penguang, Sarawak Forest Department Future prospects: - Prospects for using the World Heritage Convention to promote transborder protected areas and build a comprehensive World Heritage List // Guy Debonnet & Ishwaran Natarajan, UNESCO World Heritage Center - Prospects for Transboundary Cooperation in Eastern Africa // Eric Edroma, University Nkumba of Kampala - The Great Rift Valley, A Serial Nomination Site of Culture and Nature - a new global concept // Yossi Leshem, International Centre for the Study of Bird Migration - The Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park: Challenges and opportunities // Jorge Ferrao, Regional Coordinator of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park - Maiombe Forest: a transfrontier conservation area // Tamar Ron, UNDP/Ministry of Urban Affairs and Environment, Angola Panel Discussion - moderated by N. Ishwaran, UNESCO World Heritage Center
09:00-12:00 ROOM 11B	Session 5G : Building Partnerships for a Comprehensive Global PA System Lead: Katrina Brandon), CI-CABS The purpose of this Breakout Session is to look at the global gap assessment, determine who are the stakeholders within and the best strategies for engaging these stakeholders in building the global PA system. The starting point of this will be to look at where the global gaps are, and present an analysis of what is within them - rough estimates of how many people, who the people and communities are, existing land use patterns, infrastructure, agricultural suitability. Speakers will be asked to identify strategies to build the global system.
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14:00-17:00 HALL 2BH	Session 6 - Closing Plenary (Chair - TBD) Agenda for a Comprehensive Global PA System: Synthesis and recommendations This Closing Plenary will focus on synthesizing significant outcomes of the workshop sessions and reviewing recommendations for the WPC. The Plenary will start with summary presentations from Sessions 4 and 5 Working Groups to highlight priorities and important recommendations for a comprehensive global PA system. This will be followed by major presentations to address global implications for building comprehensive PA systems. Outline of Presentations - Achieving Comprehensive Coverage of Protected Areas: Global targets and regional priorities // Gustavo Fonseca, Mohamed Bakarr, Thomas Brooks, Ana Rodrigues, CI-CABS - Costs for Building Comprehensive Protected Area Systems // TBD - Designing Comprehensive Protected Area Systems in the face of Global Change // TBD - Monitoring biodiversity in the Global System: The TEAM model // Tom Lacher, CI-CABS - Conservation planning approaches for large regions: a multi-institutional synopsis // Roger Sayre, TNC

Documents

Programme of the Workshop Stream 7: Building Comprehensive PAs Systems -
PDF Document - 264KB

Seven Workshop Streams will be conducted over 3 days in workshop plenaries and smaller break out groups. Three important areas have also been identified which cut across the 7 workshop streams. The Cross Cutting Themes will be expected to produce specific Congress outputs. Congress participants who have a special interest in these themes may follow an interest thread throughout the programme.There is also a workshop on Mountains which will be held before the Congress.

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