The following are a selection of tables from the Global Species Assessment. Further facts and figures can be found here.
| Table 1: Changes in total numbers of threatened species (Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable) by major taxonomic group since 1996 (1998 for plants). |
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Number of threatened species |
| |
1996/98 |
2000 |
2004 |
| Vertebrates |
|
|
|
| Mammals |
1,096 |
1,130 |
1,101 |
| Birds |
1,107 |
1,183 |
1,213 |
| Amphibians |
124 |
146 |
1,856 |
| Reptiles |
253 |
296 |
304 |
| Fishes |
734 |
752 |
800 |
| Subtotal |
3,314 |
3,507 |
5,274 |
| |
|
|
|
| Invertebrates |
|
|
|
| Insects |
537 |
555 |
559 |
| Molluscs |
920 |
938 |
974 |
| Crustaceans |
407 |
408 |
429 |
| Other inverts |
27 |
27 |
30 |
| Subtotal |
1,891 |
1,928 |
1,992 |
| |
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|
|
| Plants |
|
|
|
| Mosses |
0 |
80 |
80 |
| Ferns and allies |
0 |
0 |
140 |
| Gymnosperms (plants that bear naked seeds; representatives of this group include the conifers) |
142 |
141 |
305 |
| Dicotyledons [subclass of the flowering plants (Angiosperms); named for having two seed leaves (cotyledons)] |
4,929 |
5,099 |
7,025 |
| Monocotyledons [subclass of the flowering plants (Angiosperms); named for having one seed leaf (cotyledons)] |
275 |
291 |
771 |
| Subtotal |
5,328 |
5,611 |
8,321 |
| |
|
|
|
| Others |
|
|
|
| Lichens |
0 |
0 |
2 |
| Subtotal |
0 |
0 |
2 |
| Table 2: Number of threatened species by taxonomic group. |
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Number of described species |
Number of species evaluated |
Number of threatened species in 2004 |
Number threatened as % of species described |
Number threatened as % of species evaluated |
| Vertebrates |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mammals |
5,416 |
4,853 |
1,101 |
20% |
23% |
| Birds |
9,917 |
9,917 |
1,213 |
12% |
12% |
| Amphibians |
5,743 |
5,743 |
1,856 |
32% |
32% |
| Reptiles |
8,163 |
499 |
304 |
4% |
61% |
| Fishes |
28,500 |
1,721 |
800 |
3% |
46% |
| Subtotal |
57,739 |
22,733 |
5,274 |
9% |
23% |
| |
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|
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| Invertebrates |
|
|
|
|
|
| Insects |
950,000 |
771 |
559 |
0.06% |
73% |
| Molluscs |
70,000 |
2,163 |
974 |
1% |
45% |
| Crustaceans |
40,000 |
498 |
429 |
1% |
86% |
| Others |
130,200 |
55 |
30 |
0.02% |
55% |
| Subtotal |
1,190,200 |
3,487 |
1,992 |
0.17% |
57% |
| |
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| Plants |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mosses |
15,000 |
93 |
80 |
0.5% |
86% |
| Ferns and allies |
13,025 |
210 |
140 |
1% |
67% |
| Gymnosperms |
980 |
907 |
305 |
31% |
34% |
| Dicotyledons |
199,350 |
9,473 |
7,025 |
4% |
74% |
| Monocotyledons |
59,300 |
1,141 |
771 |
1% |
68% |
| Subtotal |
287,655 |
11,824 |
8,321 |
2.89% |
70% |
| |
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|
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| Others |
|
|
|
|
|
| Lichens |
10,000 |
2 |
2 |
0.02% |
100% |
| Subtotal |
10,000 |
2 |
2 |
0.02% |
100% |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Total |
1,545,594 |
38,046 |
15,589 |
1% |
41% |
| Table 3: The numbers of Extinct (EX) and Extinct in the Wild (EW) species by taxonomic group in 2004. |
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2004 |
| |
EX |
EW |
Total |
| Vertebrates |
|
|
|
| Mammals |
73 |
4 |
77 |
| Birds |
129 |
4 |
133 |
| Reptiles |
21 |
1 |
22 |
| Amphibians |
34 |
1 |
35 |
| Fishes |
81 |
12 |
93 |
| Subtotal |
338 |
22 |
360 |
| |
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|
| Invertebrates |
|
|
|
| Insects |
59 |
1 |
60 |
| Crustaceans |
7 |
1 |
8 |
| Molluscs |
291 |
12 |
303 |
| Others |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Subtotal |
359 |
14 |
373 |
| |
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|
| Plants |
|
|
|
| Mosses |
3 |
0 |
3 |
| Ferns and allies |
3 |
0 |
3 |
| Gymnosperms |
0 |
2 |
2 |
| Dicotyledons |
78 |
20 |
98 |
| Monocotyledons |
2 |
2 |
4 |
| Subtotal |
86 |
24 |
110 |
| |
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| Protista |
|
|
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| Red Algae |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| Subtotal |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| |
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| Total |
784 |
60 |
844 |
| Table 4: Species recorded as having become Extinct over the last 20 years (1984 - 2004). |
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Key: ■ = habitat loss; + = disease; ☼ = global warming / pollution; Θ = natural disaster;
φ = exploitation / persecution; ▲ = restricted range;
λ = invasive species (not disease); ? = unknown.
Kingdom |
Class |
Species |
Common name |
Date of EX (or last recorded sighting) |
Place of extinction (BioRegion) |
Major causes of extinction |
A
N
I
M
A
L
I
A |
Amphibia |
Atelopus ignescens |
Jambato toad |
1988 (last record) |
Ecuador (Neotropics) |
+ ☼ |
| Amphibia |
Atelopus longirostris |
|
1989 (last record) |
Ecuador (Neotropics) |
+ ☼ |
| Amphibia |
Bufo periglenes |
Golden toad |
1989 (last record) |
Costa Rica (Neotropics) |
+ ☼ ▲ |
| Amphibia |
Eleutherodactylus chrysozetetes |
|
1989 (last record) |
Honduras (Neotropics) |
■ + |
| Amphibia |
Eleutherodactylus milesi |
|
1983 (last record) |
Honduras (Neotropics) |
■ + |
| Amphibia |
Rheobatrachus vitellinus |
Northern gastric brooding frog |
1985 (last record) |
Australia (Australasian / Oceanic) |
■ + |
| Amphibia |
Cynops wolterstorffi |
Yunnan lake newt |
1986 (last record) |
China (Palearctic) |
■ φ λ |
| Aves |
Moho braccatus |
Kauai 'O'o |
1987 (last report of vocalizations) |
Hawaiian Islands (Kaua'i) (Australasian / Oceanic) |
■ + λ |
| Aves |
Podilymbus gigas |
Atitlán grebe |
1986 |
Guatemala (Neotropics) |
■ |
| Aves |
Myadestes myadestinus |
Kama'o |
1989 (last sighting) |
Hawaiian Islands (Kaua'i) (Australasian / Oceanic) |
■ + λ |
P
L
A
N
T
A
E |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Magnoliopsida |
Cyanea dolichopoda |
Haha |
Post-1990 |
Hawaiian Islands (Kaua'i) (Australasian / Oceanic) |
? |
| Magnoliopsida |
Argyroxiphium virescens |
Silversword |
1996 (death of hybrid individuals) |
Hawaiian Islands (Kaua'i) (Australasian / Oceanic) |
■ λ |
| Magnoliopsida |
Crudia zeylanica |
|
1990s |
Sri Lanka (Indo-Malayan) |
? |
| Magnoliopsida |
Nesiota elliptica |
St. Helena olive |
2003 |
St. Helena (Afrotropic) |
■ |
| Magnoliopsida |
Oldenlandia adscenionis |
|
1985 |
Ascension Island (Australasian / Oceanic) |
λ |
| Table 5: Species recorded as having become Extinct in the Wild (EW) in the last 20 years (1984 - 2004). |
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Key: ■ = habitat loss; + = disease; ☼ = global warming / pollution; Θ = natural disaster; φ = exploitation / persecution; ▲ = restricted range; λ = invasive species (not disease); ? = unknown.
Kingdom |
Class |
Species |
Common name |
Date of EW |
Place of EW (BioRegion) |
Major causes of Extinction in the Wild |
Possibility of re-introduction |
A
N
I
M
A
L
I
A |
Amphibia |
Bufo baxteri |
Wyoming toad |
Mid-1990s |
United States (Nearctic) |
■ + |
Reintroduction programme underway, but no self-sustaining population established in the wild, probably due to chytridiomycosis. Captive breeding programme in place. |
| Aves |
Corvus hawaiiensis |
Hawaiian crow |
2002 (last sighting in the wild) |
Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii) (Australasian / Oceanic) |
■ + φ λ |
Attempt failed because some reintroduced birds died; remainder re-captured and further plans being developed. |
| Aves |
Crax mitu |
Alagoas curassow |
Late 1980s (last sighting in the wild) |
Brazil (Neotropics) |
■ ☼ φ |
Suitable area of habitat remains, but reintroduction appears difficult. |
| Aves |
Gallirallus owstoni |
Guam rail |
1987 |
Guam (Australasian / Oceanic) |
λ |
140 individuals in captivity, reintroduction is underway. Small introduced population on Rota, North Mariana Islands. |
| Mammalia |
Oryx dammah |
Scimitar-horned oryx |
1996 (last sighting in the wild) |
Chad (Afrotropic) |
■ φ |
3,395 individuals in captivity. Successful reintroduction in Tunisia. |
P
L
A
N
T
A
E |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Magnoliopsida |
Mammillaria glochidiata |
|
Post-1993 |
Mexico (Neotropics) |
φ |
Unknown. |
| Magnoliopsida |
Mammillaria guillauminiana |
|
1997 |
Mexico (Neotropics) |
Θ |
Unknown. |
| Magnoliopsida |
Clermontia peleana |
'Oha wai |
2000 |
Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Maui) (Australasian / Oceanic) |
■ λ |
Unknown. Only one individual remains in cultivation. |
| Magnoliopsida |
Cyanea pinnatifida |
Haha |
2002 |
Hawaiian Islands (Oahu) (Australasian / Oceanic) |
? |
Unknown. Specimens held at National Tropical Botanic Garden in USA. |
| Magnoliopsida |
Cyanea truncata |
Punaluu cyanea |
1980s |
Hawaiian Islands (Oahu and Molokai) (Australasian / Oceanic) |
λ |
Unknown. |
| Magnoliopsida |
Commidendrum rotundifolium |
Bastard gumwood |
1986 |
St. Helena (Afrotropic) |
■ + φ |
Trees have been successfully established; efforts need to be made to propagate through seed. |
| Magnoliopsida |
Rhododendron kanehirai |
|
1984 |
Taiwan (Indo-Malayan) |
■ |
Unlikely, as native habitat was completely destroyed. |
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