• WTO Rules and Sustainable Development
• Trade and Sustainable Development Issues in the Doha Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations
• MEA-WTO Relationship in the Context of Biodiversity
• The relationship between TRIPS and CBD
• Access to genetic resources and benefit sharing
• Intellectual Property Rights and the Protection of Traditional Knowledge
• Sustainable Trade and Biodiversity Conservation
• Risk, Precaution, Genetically Modified Organisms and Invasive Alien Species
• Extra Readings

1. Clarifying the Relationship Between Economic and Environmental Governance: Some Key Challenges (One of eight issue briefs presented at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August, 2002)
2. Wanhua Yang, “Environmental provisions in the WTO agreements and their implications for China as a WTO member,” RECIEL, Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2002
3. WTO Secretariat, “GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement Practice Relating to GATT Article XX, paragraphs (b), (d) and (g)”, 8 March 2002, WT/CTE/W/203
4. Konrad von Moltke, (1996) International environment management trade regimes and sustainability. IISD
5. Nordström, Håkan and Vaughan, Scott (1999), “Special Studies 4, Trade and Environment” WTO Secretariat.
6. Nicola Borregaard and Mark Halle, (2002) “Striking a Balance for Trade and Sustainable Development,” an IIED WSSD Briefing Paper.
7. Meléndez-Ortiz, Ricardo and Dehlavi, Ali ‘(1998). “Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy Objectives: A Case for Updating Special and Differential Treatment in the WTO." ICTSD
8. Von Moltke, Konrad, (1999) Trade and Environment: The linkages and the Politics, IISD.
9. Gary P. Sampson, (1999) ODC Policy Paper: Trade, the Environment and the WTO: A Policy Agenda
10. IISD and UNEP, (2001) “Environment and Trade: A handbook” Publication (BOOK) – Chapter 1, 3-5
11. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Principle 12), and Agenda 21 excerpts (Chapter 39.3(4))
12. Relevant articles in the WTO agreements that are related to environment, including Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO (preamble), GATT (excerpts), TBT, SPS, GATS, Decision on Trade and Environment, and Decision on Trade in Services and Environment
13. Protocol on China’s Accession to the WTO (excerpts) and Annex 1A: Information to be Provided by China in the Context of the Transitional Review Mechanism

1. Simon Tay (Singapore University): The Debate on Trade and the Environment - WTO Rules, Institutions and Developing Countries
2. Ye Ruqiu (State Environmental Protection Administration): Trade, environment and Sustainable Development Perspective in China

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1. Luke Eric Peterson, “After the Collapse: Developed countries must become re-engaged after the failed Cancun ministerial,” IISD “Post-Cancun Statement”
2. Charnovitz, Steve.  (2002).”The Environmental Significance of the Doha Declaration," Bridges November/December 2001. Reprinted in American Bar Association, International Environmental Law Committee Newsletter, July.
3. Doha Round Briefing Series: Trade and Environment. Vol. 2 No. 9 August 2003 ICTSD Publication.
4. Aaron Cosbey, “Taking the Doha Language Seriously: the WTO as if Sustainable Development Really Mattered,” a paper prepared for the Royal Institute of International Affairs conference: Sustainable Development in the New Trade Round: Trade, Investment and Environment after Doha, Chatham House, London, May 13–14, 2002.
5. Trade & Environment Issues at Cancun: a compilation of all major discussions on environment at the WTO and their relevance to the fifth WTO Ministerial in Cancun, Mexico, 10-14 September. – ICTSD Publication
6. Doha Ministerial Declaration. (Para. 6, 19, 28, 31-33, and 51)
7. Task Force on WTO and Environment (CCICED), (2002) “Issues Paper on China and the WTO: A sustainable development perspective

1. Laurence Tubiana (IDDRI): Trade and Sustainable Development Issues in the Doha Round of Multinational Trade negotiations
2. LI Xinming (WTO department, MOFCOM): China’s Position, Strategy and Prospects on Trade, Environment and Sustainable Development Issues in the Doha Round

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1. “Effectiveness of Trade & Positive Measures in Multilateral Environmental Agreements: Lessons from the Montreal Protocol Agreements”. United Nations Environment Programme
2. Secretariat, “Matrix on Trade Measures Pursuant to Selected MEAs”, 14 June 2001, WT/CTE/W/160)/Rev.1
3. RIIA and IISD, (2003) Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the WTO
4. Howard Mann, (2003) The State of Trade and Environmental Law, IISD and CIEL
5. Stilwell and Tarasofsky (2001), “Towards Coherent Environmental and Economic Governance: Legal and Practical Approaches to MEA-WTO Linkages”. CIEL/EIIEEP
6. Use Of Biodiversity Resources: The Quest For Sustainable Development (Study prepared for the G-15 meeting) – UNEP publication
7. Moltke, Konrad (2001), “Whither MEAs? The Role of International Environmental Management in the Trade and Environment Agenda,” IISD.
8. Excerpts of MEAs related to biodiversity, including:
   • Convention on Biological Diversity
   • Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
   • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
   • 1994 International Tropical Timber Agreement
   • Agreement on Fish Stocks
9. Jackson, John H and Brown Weiss, Edith (eds) (2001), The Framework for Environment and Trade Disputes" in Jackson, John H and Brown Weiss, Edith (eds), Reconciling Environment and Trade, Transnational Publishers Inc, New York Chapter 1, pp 1-37. (BOOK)
10. Downes, David (1999) “Integrating Implementation of the CBD and the Rules of the WTO” IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge UK.
11. IISD and UNEP, (2001) “Environment and Trade: A handbook” (BOOK) – Chapter 2 – “International Environmental Regime”

1. CHENG Lulian (Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy): Implementation status of CBD and other MEAs with STOs: A Case Study in China
2. Mark Halle (IISD): MEA-WTO Relationship in the Context of Biodiversity

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1. Gonzales & Monagle, (2001) “Biodiversity & Intellectual Property Rights:  Reviewing Intellectual Property Rights in Light of the Objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity” (World Wildlife Fund/CIEL)
2. Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights: Promoting Synergies for Sustainable Development (2000) (One of eight issue briefs presented at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August)
3. Downes, David (1999) “Integrating Implementation of the CBD and the Rules of the WTO” IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge UK.
4. Vivas, David (2002). “Issues Linked to the Convention on Biological Diversity in the World Trade Organization Negotiations: Implementing Doha Mandates.” CIEL.
5. Lettington, Robert, (2001). “The International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources in the Context of TRIPS and the CBD”. BRIDGES, ICTSD, July-August 2001, 5(6).
6. J. Curci Staffler (2002). “Towards A Reconciliation Between The Convention On Biological Property Rights On Biotechnology, Traditional Knowledge, And Benefit Sharing, Diversity And TRIPS Agreement; An Interface Among Intellectual Property Rights on Bio-technology, Traditional Knowledge and benefit sharing.”
7. Dutfield, Graham (2002) “Intellectual Property Rights, Trade and Biodiversity” Earthscan.” (BOOK)

1. David Vivas Eugui (ICTSD): The relationship between the TRIPS Agreement, the CBD and New ITPGRFA
2. YU Hai (Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy): Implementation of TRIPS in China in the context of the CBD

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1. A New Regime on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing? CISDL – Legal Brief.
2. Authors: Charles R. McManis, Thomas and Karole Green  (2002) Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge Protection: Thinking Globally, Acting Locally.
3. Vivas, Ruiz et al. (2003) “International Processes on Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge: Options and negotiations Alternatives” IUCN publication.
4. 'Regional Approaches to Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity: the case of access to genetic resources', 2000, FIELD.
5. Sharing the benefits from genetic resource use, 2002.
   European Commission, Department for International Development (DFID), IUCN / Biodiversity in Development, Biodiversity Brief, N°3.
6. Biodiversity: opportunities and dilemmas [access to genetic resources], 2002.
   Author: Senator Marina Silva.

1. Pisupati BALAKRISHNA (IUCN): CBD [Access, Benefit Sharing and the CBD]
2. TU Ruihe (Department of International Cooperation): Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing from their Use-The Implementation of Article 15 in the CBD in China

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1. Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights: Promoting Synergies for Sustainable Development (2000) (One of eight issue briefs presented at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August)
2. Downes, David & Laird. Sarah (1999). Innovative Mechanisms for Sharing Benefits of Biodiversity and Related Knowledge:  Case Studies on Geographical Indications and Trademarks.
3. Dutfield, Graham (2002) “Protecting Traditional Knowledge and Folklore: A review of progress in diplomacy and policy formulation” ICTSD.
4. Ruiz, Manuel, (2002) “The International Debate on Traditional Knowledge as Prior Art in the Patent System: Issues and Options for Developing Countries”. CIEL.
5. Correa, Carlos M. “Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property: Issues and Options surrounding the Protection of Traditional Knowledge”. Quaker United Nations Office Publication.
6. Downes, David (1997) “Using Intellectual Knowledge as a Tool to Protect Traditional Knowledge, prepared for the Convention on Biological Diversity Workshop on Traditional Knowledge”, Madrid.

1. David Vivas Eugui (ICTSD): The Protection of Traditional Knowledge:International developments and sui generis options
2. TIAN Hui (Beijing DeHengLaw Firm): The Legal System of Intellectual Property in China and the Way for This System to Adapt to Address the Needs of Protecting Traditional Knowledge

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1. Robertson, Peter E. (2002) “Eco-labeling and the Trade and Environment Debate”, University of New South Wales.
2. Downes & Van Dyke (1998), “Fisheries Conservation and Trade Rules: Ensuring That Trade Law Promotes Sustainable Fisheries” CIEL/Greenpeace.
3. Implications of WTO Negotiations For Biodiversity. (2002) Friends of the Earth International.
4. “State of the Worlds Forest 2003”. (Section: How sustainable use of forests can contribute to conserving biological diversity), FAO Publication.
5. Thematic Programmes of Work – Progress Reports on Implementation: Agricultural Biological Diversity: “Assessing the Impact of trade liberalization on the conservation and sustainable use of agriculture biological diversity”. (2002). Convention on Biological Diversity Publication.
6. Tarasofsky, R.G. and Pfahl, S. (2001) “Trading Away the Last Ancient Forests: The Impacts on Forests of Trade Liberalization Measures by The WTO”. Ecologic - Institute for International and European Environmental Policy, on behalf of Greenpeace International.

1. Tom Rotherham (IISD): Standards, Market Access and Sustainable Development - future challenges
2. ZHOU Zhonghai (China University of the Science of Politics and Law): Law and Practice on Sustainable Trade and Environmental Protection in China

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1. Matthew Stilwell and Brennan Van Dyke (1999) The Consumer’s Choice Council: An Activitist's Handbook on Genetically Modified Organisms and the WTO
2. Baumüller, H (2003) ‘Domestic Import Regulations for Genetically modified Organisms and their Compatibility with WTO Rules - Some Key Issues’, Trade Knowledge Network - A Project of IISD and ICTSD
3. Fresco, Louise O. (2001) Genetically Modified Organisms in Food and Agriculture: Where are we? Where are we going? FAO publication
4. Nielsen, C, Anderson, K (2000) GMOs, trade policy, and welfare in rich and poor countries, Policy Discussion Paper No 0021, Centre for Economic Policy Research, University of Adelaide, Australia
5. Paarlberg, R L (2002) ‘The Contested Governance of GM Foods: Implications for U.S.-EU Trade and the Developing World’, Working Paper, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University
6. Ding Jianqing and Xie Yan, “The Mechanism of Biological Invasive and The Management Strategy” in Wang Song, et al., (2002) Biodiversity Conservation in China (II), China Environmental Science Press, Beijing.
7. Duncan Brack, Robert Falkner, Judith Goll (2003) The Next Trade War? GM Products, the Cartegena Protocol and the WTO.

1. Patricia MOORE (IUCN): Risk Assessment and Precaution
2. WAN Fanghao (Center for Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species): Meeting the Invasive Alien Species Challenge
3. WANG Changyong (Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science): Implementing Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in China

1. Shi Yonghai et.al (2000) Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic cooperation: APEC Trade Liberalization and China Coordination of Environmental and Trade Policies
2. Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy (2000): Strategies for Trade Liberalization in Environmental Services in China
3. Tom Conway (1998) A Framework for Assessing The Relationship between Trade Liberalization and Biodiversity Conservation – IISD/UNEP
4. Trade and Enviornment: Capacity Building for Sustainable Development – UNDP
5. Helene Ruiz Fabri et Jean-Philippe Crontiras (2003) Universite Paris I : L’Organisation mondiale du commerce et les services publics
6. Matthew Stilwell and Brennan Van Dyke, Codex, Substantial Equivalence and WTO Threats to National GMO Labeling Schemes-CIEL

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