Policy Matters, the journal of CEESP

Policy Matters Issue No. 15, July 2007

Conservation and Human Rights

(entire document, 7.38 MB)

For easier downloading this issue has been divided into the following files:

Cover, Table of contents and letter from the Chair and Editorial

Section I: What ARE human rights anyway?

Section II: Conservation can undermine human rights...

Section III: ... but conservation and human rights can also work in mutual support ...

Section IV: ... within, and only within, a supportive enabling environment ...

Section V: Book Reviews

Section VI: CEESP News and Events

Policy Matters Issue No. 14, March 2006

Poverty, wealth and conservation

(entire document, 10.01 MB)

For easier downloading this issue has been divided into the following files:

Cover, Table of contents and letters from the Chair and Editors

Section I: Policy that matters!

Section II: Livelihoods and conservation- arguments shaping the debate

Section III: The intertwined roots of poverty, wealth and environmental degradation

Section IV: Conservation can end up enhancing poverty

Section V: ...but conservation can also provide livelihood benefits...

Section VI: ...if initiatives embrace rights, secure access to resources and real participation.. (part 1 and part 2)

Section VII: Resources from CEESP members

Policy Matters Issue No. 13, November 2004

Special issue for the World Conservation Congress

History, Culture & Conservation

(entire document, 7.08 MB)

For easier downloading this issue has been divided into the following files:

Table of Contents and letters from the Chair and Editors

Section I: Conservation as cultural and political practice (part 1 and part 2)

Section II: A “cultural approach” to conservation? (part 1 and part 2)

Section III: Understanding and measuring biocultural diversity

Section IV: New resources from CEESP members

Policy Matters Issue No. 12, September 2003

Special issue for the World Parks Congress

Community Empowerment for Conservation (entire document, 6 MB)

For easier downloading this issue has been divided into the following files of less than 800 Kb each:

Cover and Table of Contents

Section 1: The complexities of governing protected areas
Section 1 (part 1)
Section 1 (part 2)
Section 1 (part 3)

Section 2: The civil society speaks out!

Section 3: CCAs and CMPAs: A full spectrum of learning and struggles
Section 3 (part 1)
Section 3 (part 2)
Section 3 (part 3)
Section 3 (part 4)
Section 3 (part 5)
Section 3 (part 6)
Section 3 (part 7)

Section 4: New resources for CEESP members

Policy Matters Issue No. 11, September 2003

Special issue for the 5th WTO Ministerial Meeting, Cancun

Trade, Environment and Investment: Cancun and beyond (entire document, 1.5 MB)

Cover, Table of Contents and Letters from the Editor and Chair

Section 1: Trade, Biodivesity and Environment: Crafting the link

Section 2: Environment and Trade Regimes: Relations and linkages

Section 3: Regional and national focus

Section 4: Trade and IUCN

Letters to the editor, Network News, Events at Cancun and beyond, CEESP Steering Committee

Issue No. 10, September 2002

Special issue for the World Summit on Sustainable Development

Sustainable Livelihoods and Co-management of Natural Resources (joint issue with CM News 6), (entire document, 2.9 MB)

Table of Contents
Section 1 - Policy affects livelihoods!
Section 2 - Community organizing and action
Section 3 - Co-managing the sources of livelihoods
Section 4 - Learning from practice
Section 5 - New resources from CEESP members

Issue No. 9, May 2002

Environment & Security: Why Nature is a Matter of Survival

Issue No. 8, October 2001

Sturgeon Issue

Issue No. 7, August 2000

Ecospace Issue

Issue No. 6, December 1999

Governance Issue

Issue No. 5, July 1999

Sustainable Livelihoods Issue

Issue No. 4, Spring 1999

Climate Change Issue

Issue No. 3, Autumn 1998

Environment and Security Issue

Issue No. 2,  Spring 1998

Trade - Special Issue

Issue No. 1,  Spring 1998

Agroecology versus Ecoagriculture:
balancing food production and biodiversity conservation in the midst of social inequity (CEESP Occasional Paper, No. 3, November 2004)

By Miguel A. Altieri

Click here to download

Read a response to this article by Sara Scherr, Director of the Ecoagriculture Partners.

Au coeur de la biodiversité d'Afrique Centrale, les communautés locales ont fait du Parc National de Conkouati-Douli leur propre aire protégée, s'étendant de la côte océanique aux montagnes forestières du Mayombe.

Par Christian Chatelain, Marcel Taty et Grazia Borrini-Feyerabend

Download entire document (2.7 MB) or in 3 parts: part 1 (1 MB), part 2 (1.1 MB) and part 3 (600 Kb)

Summaries of this document are available in French, Spanish and English.

Theme on Governance, Equity and Rights
(ex-Collaborative Management Working Group )

The following publications are authored (or contributed to) by members of the Theme on Governance, Equity and Rights (go to the TGER Website)

Newsletters and Journals

CM News - Issue No. 6 September 2002, joint issue with Policy Matters Issue No. 10, Sustainable Livelihoods and Co-management of Natural Resources

CM News - Issue No. 5 October 2001, Newsletter of the IUCN Collaborative Management Working Group

CM News - Issue No. 4 September 2000, Newsletter of the IUCN Collaborative Management Working Group

CM News - Issue No. 3 December 1999, Newsletter of the IUCN Collaborative Management Working Group

"Conservation Partnerships in Africa", PARKS, Volume 13 No. 1 (joint issue with CEESP/TILCEPA)

Editorial - From ‘guns and fences’ to paternalism to partnerships: the slow disentangling of Africa’s protected areas, by Grazia Borrini-Feyerabend and Trevor Sandwith

The papers in this volume offer a glimpse of the historical ‘disentangling’ of African protected areas from the old protectionist approach into a more ‘open’ and collaborative management style, along the road to real partnerships.

Pages 1-27 (pdf format)
Pages 28-49 (pdf format)
Pages 50-80 (pdf format)

http://iucn.org/themes/wcpa/pubs/pdfs/PARKS/parks12.2.pdf

This issues of PARKS has been guest edited by TILCEPA/ CMWG members and produced as part of the CEESP/ WCPA collaboration. It contains the article on "rethinking the relationship between indigenous and local communities and protected areas" that proposes a new "governance type" dimension for the IUCN protected area category system, and thus a formal recognition of Community Conserved Areas.

People in charge! The emerging face of conservation, special issue on collaborative management of World Conservation, IUCN, August 1996.

Books

COMANEJO - Una reflexión conceptual desde Coope Sol i Dar R. L.

Patricia Madrigal Coldero, Vivienne Solis Rivera

Este documento tiene como objetivo el servir como un vehículo de información sobre la discusión que se ha dado a nivel global, regional y local, en torno a la participación de diferentes sectores sociales en la conservación de las áreas protegidas.

SHARING POWER
Learning by doing in Co-Management of Natural Resources throughout the World

by Grazia Borrini-Feyerabend, Michel Pimbert, M. Taghi Farvar, Ashish Kothari and Yves Renard
with Hanna Jaireth, Marshall Murphree, Vicki Pattemore, Ricardo Ramirez and Patrizio Warren

This book is designed to support professionals and citizens at large who wish both to better understand collaborative management processes and to develop and enhance them in practice. The experience of social actors learning by doing and improving their management practices on an on-going basis has informed this book, together with the complex and inspiring ways by which the surrounding socio-political conditions can be improved through participatory democracy.

Click here for download and ordering information for Sharing Power.

Innovative Governance: Indigenous Peoples, Local Communities and Protected Areas

Eds. Hanna Jaireth and Dermot Smyth. Ane Books, New Delhi, 2003.

Innovative Governance: Indigenous Peoples, Local Communities and Protected Areas analyses progressive laws and policies for protected areas and aims to promote law reform and policy transfer by public and private institutions and individuals across jurisdictions.
The book explores diverse innovations in protected area governance globally. Adrian Phillips's introductory chapter highlights various innovations exemplified in later chapters. These include the wide range of actors that can now designate and manage protected areas, particularly community conserved areas (CCAs); the broader scale being taken to the designation and management of protected areas (embracing bioregional planning, multiple tenures and transboundary jurisdictions); and the extension of the concept of protected areas to include lived-in productive landscapes.

Orders for the book may be placed with Sunil Saxena, Ane Books, 4821 Parwana Bhawan, 1st Floor, 24 Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, Delhi - 110002, Fax : 23276863, E-mail: anebooks@vsnl.com. The price is US$15 per copy (with a 30% discount for IUCN members) plus US$10 for airmail.
For further information please contact the editors Hanna Jaireth <lawjs@ozemail.com.au> or Dermot Smyth <erus@tpg.com.au>.

EQUIDAD ENTRE AREAS PROTEGIDAS Y COMUNIDADES LOCALES: REFLEXION DESDE MESOAMÉRICA Y EL CARIBE

ELABORADO POR CoopeSolidar, R.L.: Vivienne Solis Rivera, Patricia Madrigal Cordero, Ivannia Ayales Cruz, Marvin Fonseca Borras.

pp. 1-7 (PDF, 805 KB)

pp. 8-35 (PDF, 870 KB)

pp. 36-69 (PDF, 649 KB)

Though All Things Differ: Pluralism As a Basis for Cooperation in Forests, by Eva Wollenberg, Jon Anderson and Citlalli Lopez,Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Indonesia, 2005
Pluralism is a political belief that acknowledges individuals’ rights to pursue their interests, but requires society to resolve differences where they infringe upon each other. This guide shows how pluralism helps people to value social differences and provides clear principles and rules about how to coordinate those differences. The guide reviews pluralism’s origins, key elements and strengths and weaknesses. It examines how people think about differences, including the psychological obstacles that cause us to exclude or ignore others. Practices are examined with examples drawn from forest-related contexts: legal pluralism, multistakeholder processes and diversity in work teams. Questions are provided to help the reader assess and practice pluralism in their own settings. The guide concludes that understanding the political assumptions and principles of pluralism can enrich our understanding of current practices to develop fundamentally new approaches to forest decision-making.

Printed version available from: http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/scripts/newscripts/publications/detail.asp?pid=1805

If you need hardcopy(ies) of the book please send your address to Dina Hubudin at D.Hubudin@cgiar.org

Participatory 3-Dimensional Modelling: Guiding Principles and Applications, by Giacomo Rambaldi and Jasmin Callosa-Tarr, ASEAN Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Philippines. July 2002
This Publication (and enclosed multimedia resource kit) is intended to assist researchers, project managers, Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) and GIS practitioners in enhancing the capacities of marginalised, isolated, and frequently natural resource-dependent communities to deal with spatial data and to communicate with the "outside world" on a peer to peer basis. Participatory 3-D models integrate people's knowledge and conventional spatial information like contour lines, to produce stand-alone scaled relief models that have proved to be user-friendly and relatively accurate data storage and analysis devices, and excellent media easing communication between local stakeholders and external agencies. P3DM is a relatively new facilitation method used in processes related to resource use and tenure and has been conceived to support collaborative initiatives in problem analysis and decision-making. Information on how to obtain copies of the kit is found at:
http://www.iapad.org/p3dm_guiding_principles.htm

Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in Practice by Laird, S.A. WWF, UNESCO and Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, London, 2002
Biodiversity research and prospecting are long-standing activities taking place in a new legal and ethical environment. Following entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1993, and other recent policy developments, expectations and obligations for research and prospecting partnerships have changed. However, to date there are few guides to integrating these concepts with practice. This book offers practical guidance on how to arrive at equitable biodiversity research and prospecting partnerships. Drawing on experience and lessons learned from around the world, it provides case studies, analysis and recommendations in a range of areas that together form a new framework for creating equity in these partnerships. They include researcher codes of ethics, institutional policies, community research agreements, the design of more effective commercial partnerships and biodiversity prospecting contracts, the drafting and implementation of national 'access and benefit-sharing' laws, and institutional tools for the distribution of financial benefits.
Printed versions available from http://www.earthscan.co.uk

PLA Notes 40: Deliberative Democracy and Citizen Empowerment, Pimbert, M. and T. Wakefield (eds.), PLA Notes 40, IIED, London, 2001.
This issue of PLA Notes focuses on how to engage "the public" in policy formulation. There is increasing interest in ideas regarding good governance, deepening democracy and citizen empowerment, particularly on how to bring the public or "lay" perspectives into areas where traditionally they had little or no involvement. This issue draws together some key thinking around public participation, using a range of techniques know as "Deliberative and Inclusive Processes" (DIPs), Citizen Juries, Citizen Conferences and the like. The majority of experiences with these processes has been in the North, although increasingly these are being adopted and adapted to the South
Printed versions available from www.iied.org

Conservation and development - New insights and lessons learnt, Agersnap, H. and M. Funder (eds.), The Environment and Development Network, CARE Denmark, Copenhagen, 2001.
This book presents papers from two seminars held in Denmark in May 2002 which explord ways of coming to terms with the complex relationships involved in aid initiatives aspiring to combine conservation and development objectives.
Printed versions available from www.ed-net.de

Land, people and forests in Eastern and Southern Africa at the beginning of the 21st century: the impact of land relations on the role of communities in forest future by Wily, L. and S.; Mbaya, IUCN EARO, Nairobi, 2001.
This book deals with forest management and land tenure issues. It advocates for community empowerment and appropriate legislation supporting it.
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Communities and forest management in Western Europe a report of the IUCN Working Group on Community Involvement in Forest Management with recommendations to the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests by Jeanrenaud, S, (ed), Ford Foundation, DFID, WWF and IUCN Gland (Switzerland), 2001.
This Regional Profile of the Working Group on Community Involvement in Forest Management sets out an historical and institutional context analysis of forest management in the region and provides case examples and lessons for action. Featured countries include Italy, Sweden, Portugal, Scotland, Finland and France.
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Community Wildlife Management in Southern Africa: Challenging the Assumptions of Eden by Fabricius, C., E. Koch and H. Magome, IIED, London, 2001
An analysis of case studies of community involvement in the management of wildlife with emphasis on lessons learned for action.
Printed versions available from www.IIED.org

Beyond Fences: Seeking Social Sustainability in Conservation (2 vols: a 'process companion' and a 'reference book') by Borrini-Feyerabend, G. (ed. with D. Buchan), IUCN, Gland (Switzerland) and Cambridge (UK), 1997 (reprinted, 2000). http://www.iucn.org/themes/spg/beyond_fences/beyond_fences.html
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html.
Understanding and managing the concerns of local people is essential for the success of most, if not all, conservation initiatives. These two volumes are a resource set designed to help professionals employed in conservation initiatives to identify the social concerns that are relevant for their work, assess options for action and implement them. The first volume is a companion to a process of planning, evaluating or redesigning a conservation initiative. It can be used in a series of workshops by the staff and partners involved in field-based conservation. The second volume is a reference book. It can be consulted, as needed, at various stages in the process accompanied by the first volume. It includes "concept files" written by eminent conservation and social science scholars and practitioners, detailed descriptions of methods and tools (for social communication, participatory evaluation and planning, conflict management, etc.) and a myriad of practical examples illustrating the results achieved when the "options for action" described in volume 1 were actually set to practice.

Co-management of natural resources : organising, negotiating and learning-by-doing by Borrini-Feyerabend, G., M.T. Farvar, J.C. Nguinguiri and V.A. Ndangang, IUCN/GTZ, Heidelberg (Germany), 2000.
This volume is designed to assist facilitators and partners of co-management processes. It provides guidelines for multi-stakeholder management of natural resources and describes in detail relevant concepts, methods and tools. The emphasis is on practical approaches and advice, in line with the experience gained in field initiatives promoted by GTZ and IUCN in Central Africa and elsewhere. The test is accompanied by definition boxes, example boxes, checklists, annexes illustrating participatory methods and tools of particular relevance for co-management processes, lessons learned, tips for action and a list of references and suggested readings.
Downloadable in English, French and Spanish from:
http://nrm.massey.ac.nz/changelinks/cmnr.html
Printed versions available in English, French and Spanish (and soon in Arabic) from: michaela.hammer@gtz.de

Indigenous and traditional peoples and protected areas : principles, guidelines and case studies, by Beltrßn, J. (ed.), IUCN, Gland (Switzerland), 2000.
It is sometimes assumed that protected areas must be in conflict with the rights and traditions of indigenous and other traditional peoples on their domains. In reality, where indigenous peoples are interested in the conservation and traditional use of their lands, waters, territories and the natural and cultural resources that they contain, conflicts need not arise. Formal protected areas can provide a means to recognise and guarantee the efforts of many communities who have long protected certain areas, such as sacred groves and mountains. This publication provides a framework for developing partnerships between indigenous and other traditional peoples and protected area managers. It contains a number of case studies giving examples from different parts of the world on successful experiences on the application of these principles
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Where Communities Care: Community Wildlife and Ecosystem Management in South Asia by Kothari, A., N.Pathak and F. Vania, Kalpavriksh and IIED, London, 2000.
Where Communities Care is the full regional review of community wildlife management in South Asia. It provides in-depth country studies covering Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka describing the history of conservation, the move to CWM and 18 key project case studies. ~These country studies and the main themes that arise together with the impacts of CWM and its constraints and challenges are then discussed. Impacts are gauged at four levels: ecological, economic & livelihood, social/political and policy. It is suggested that there is 'overwhelming evidence' to indicate positive ecological impacts due to CWM in the region and in addition it has 'helped to enhance the livelihood security of communities'. This has been supported by enabling policies and developmental inputs. In many CWM sites in India, for example, communities have taken back virtual control over the surrounding natural resources, and many indirect as well as direct benefits have been achieved.
Printed versions available from http://kalpavriksh0.tripod.com and iied.org

Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas in South and Southeast Asia by Colchester, M. and C. Erni (eds.), IWGIA, Copenhagen, 2000.
This book compiles the insights, discussions and recommendations that were the outcome of the presentation of 12 case studies at a very productive and highly intensive conference in Kundasang, Malaysia, in December 1998. By focusing on case studies, the goal was to encourage a problem-solving approach which takes into account both the principles regarding indigenous peoples' involvement in the establishment of protected areas and the actual political, social, economic, cultural and environmental contexts in which protected areas and indigenous peoples are situated. The case studies analyse a wide range of interactions between indigenous peoples and protected areas, from the old-style national parks, which have expelled indigenous peoples, to more recent initiatives that try to accommodate indigenous interests and even respect indigenous rights.
The book is a valuable contribution to the discussion of indigenous peoples' and protected areas.
Printed versions available from www.IWGIA.org

Public Participation in Forestry in Europe and North America, Report of the FAO/ECE/ILO Joint Committee Team of Specialists on Participation in Forestry, ILO, Geneva, 2000.
This report, co-produced by the CMWG member Andrea Finger, explores the concept and practice of public participation in forest management and is backed by numerous case studies. Featured countries include Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Scotland, Spain and Portugal.
Printed versions available from www.ilo.org

Joint Protected Area Management: A Simple Guide by Apte, T. and A. Kothari, Kalpavriksh, Delhi, 2000.
A question and answer document drawing lessons from joint forest management towards joint protected area management in India and beyond.
Printed versions available from http://kalpavriksh0.tripod.com

Establishing and strengthening local communities' and indigenous people's participation in the management of wetlands, Ramsar Convention Bureau, Gland (Switzerland) 2000.
This documents reports from the 7th Conference of the Contracting Parties of the RAMSAR convention held in San José (Costa Rica) in 1999. It includes both case studies of community involvement in the management of wetlands and policy recommendations.
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Communities and forest management in South Asia a report of the IUCN Working Group on Community Involvement in Forest Management with recommendations to the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests by Poffenberger, M., (ed.), Ford Foundation, DFID, Asia Forest Network and IUCN Gland (Switzerland), 1999.
This Regional Profile of the Working Group on Community Involvement in Forest Management sets out an historical analysis of forest management practices in the region and provides a wealth of case examples and lessons for action. Featured countries include Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Collaborative management of protected areas in the Asian region: proceedings of a workshop in Nepal, May 25-28, 1998 by by Oli, K. P. (ed.), IUCN Nepal, Kathmandu, 1999
This publication reports on the outcomes of a workshop to discuss collaborative management in the Asian context, and to review the related legislative framework, strengths, weaknesses and institutional capacity. It contains full background information on the workshop, and outline of the key conclusions, and recommendations for future action to carry forward the collaborative management agenda in the Asian region.
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Communities and forest management in Canada and the United States: a report of the IUCN Working Group on Community Involvement in Forest Management with recommendations to the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests by Poffenberger, M., (ed.): IUCN US, Washington, DC 1998.
This Regional Profile of the Working Group on Community Involvement in Forest Management offers a number of case studies including of collaborative management between governmental agencies and local communities in Canada and the USA.
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Land Reform and Conservation Areas: towards a Mutually Beneficial Approach, by Wynberg, R. and T. Kepe, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Department of Land Affairs and IUCN-South Africa, Johannesburg, 1999.
This booklet explores the relationship between land reforms and conservation policies in South Africa and the roles and responsibilities of various institutional actors.
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Partnerships for Protection: New Strategies for Planning and Management for Protected Areas by Stolton, S. and N. Dudley, Earthscan, London 1999.
How can we successfully conserve what remains of the world's rapidly diminishing natural and semi-natural areas? Although more and more land and water surface is under some form of protection, many vital ecosystems are under-represented, and traditional conservation methods are often quite ineffective. New approaches are urgently needed. With contributions from several CMWG members from many areas of the worls, including Adrian Phillips, Biksham Gujja, Gonzalo Oviedo, Jessica Brown and Grazia Borrini-Feyerabend, this book examines how improvements can be made. It sets out ways to safeguard all the major ecosystems and explores innovative management partnerships involving individuals, communities, companies and governments and draws attention to the importance of building collaboration among those with a stake in the resources, and an incentive to protect them. Printed versions available from http://www.earthscan.co.uk

Guidelines for marine protected areas by G. Kelleher (ed.), IUCN, Gland (Switzerland), 1999.
Creation and effective management of marine protected areas (MPAs) have lagged behind those of protected areas on land, but they are just as important. The world urgently needs a comprehensive system of MPAs to conserve biodiversity and to help rebuild the productivity of the oceans. The aim of these guidelines is to help countries establish systems of MPAs as a key component of integrated, collaborative management of coastal and marine areas and as part of their sustainable development. The various actions to make an effective MPA are set out, from early planning stages to implementation. These guidelines aim to help policy-makers, planners and field managers, whether working on conservation of nature or sustainable use of marine resources.
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Partnership for conservation : report of the regional workshop on marine protected areas, tourism and communities, by Salm, R. V. and Y. Tessema (eds.), IUCN EARO, Nairobi, 1998.
The book collects the proceedings of an international meeting that took place in Kenya. It discusses several case studies of marine protected areas with reference to collaborative management and social participation issues.
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Communities and Conservation - Natural Resource Management in South and Central Asia by Kothari, A., R.V., Anuradha, N., Pathak and B. Taneja, B. Sage Publications, New Delhi, 1998.
This volume is a compilation of papers presented at a regional workshop in Delhi sponsored by UNESCO in 1997. Specific issues are discussed and numerous case studies of community involvement in conservation are illustrated from India, Nepal and Sri Lanka.
Printed versions available from http://kalpavriksh0.tripod.com

From conflict to collaboration: people and forests of Mount Elgon, Uganda by Scott, P., IUCN, Gland (Switzerland), 1998.
This report describes a field-level assessment of how people living near the Mount Elgon National Park, in Uganda, use the park's forest resources. It argues that extractive use of a range of timber and non-timber forest products, if properly monitored and controlled, is not necessarily a threat to biodiversity. The book explains which data gathering methods were chosen and why, and how the results of this assessment can be used to develop collaborative management agreements with local people. Interdisciplinary and practically oriented, this book is a must reading for protected area managers and others who aim to involve rural people in forests and nature conservation
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Indigenous Peoples and Biodiversity Conservation in Latin America, IWGIA, Copenhagen, 1998.
The book is the result of a conference held in Pucallpa, Peru, where representatives from indigenous organizations, environmentalists and independent experts met to discuss different methods for managing the protected areas in Latin America. This is a particularly important issue for the region given that 80% of Latin America's protected areas are inhabited by indigenous peoples. The meeting discussed cases from Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Panama, Honduras and Costa Rica.
Printed versions available in Spanish and English from www.IWGIA.org

Social Change and Conservation, edited by Krishna B Ghimire and Michel P Pimbert, Earthscan and UNRISD, London, 1997.
Protected areas and conservation policies are usually established with only local nature and wildlife in mind. Yet they can have far-reaching consequences for local populations - often harmful ones, undermining their access to resources and their livelihoods. This is the first fully comprehensive discussion of the social consequences of protected area schemes and conservation policies. Drawing on case studies from North America, Europe, Asia, Central America and Africa, it critically reviews current trends in protected area management and the prevailing concept of conservation, and shows how local people have been affected - their customary rights, livelihoods, well-being and social cohesion. Lack of local participation, of respect for local rights, and too much emphasis on market forces, has usually meant the failure to provide for human concerns and wellbeing. The leading authorities in this book - including Marcus Colchester, Piers Blaikie, Michel Pimbert and Jules Pretty - argue for a thorough overhaul of current conservation thinking and practice. Available from http://www.earthscan.co.uk

Building Bridges for Conservation by Kothari, A., F., Vania, P., Das, K., Christopher and S. Jha, Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi. 1997.
A thorough analysis of the potential for joint management of protected areas in India on the basis of several case studies and examples.
Printed versions available from http://kalpavriksh0.tripod.com

Our People, Our Resources: Supporting Local Communities in Participatory Action research on Population Dynamics and the Local Environment by Barton, T., G. Borrini-Feyerabend, A. De Sherbinin and P. Warren, IUCN, Gland (Switzerland), 1997. (published also in French and Spanish) http://www.iucn.org/themes/spg/opor/opor.html
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html.
This handbook illustrates concepts, methods and tools for "primary environmental care", an approach that seeks to empower communities to meet basic needs while protecting the environment. In particular, it focuses on how population size, structure, growth (or decline) and movements relate to the quality of the environment and the quality of life. Emphasis is placed on a community-led process of participatory action research in which local knowledge and skills are fully utilized. A main purpose is to promote the effective, integrated management of environment and population dynamics for the benefit of local people. As a collection of tools for action, it is designed for professionals in conservation and natural resource management, development, population and public health who wish to promote and assist participatory action research in rural communities.

Collaborative management of protected areas : tailoring the approach to the context by Borrini-Feyerabend, G., IUCN, Gland (Switzerland), 1996
"Collaborative management of protected areas" is a partnership by which various stakeholders agree on sharing among themselves the management functions, rights and responsibilities for a territory or a particular governmental agency staff - interested in pursuing the collaborative management option. It offers a broad definition of the approach and provides a number of examples of how it has been specifically tailored to different contexts. General assumptions, consequences, benefits, costs and potential draw-backs of collaborative management are reviewed and a process by which an agency in charge of a protected areas can pursue the approach is illustrated.
http://www.iucn.org/themes/spg/Tailor/index.html
Printed versions available in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Managing conflicts in protected areas, by Lewis, C., IUCN, Gland (Switzerland), IUCN, Gland (Switzerland), 1996.
This handbook was written for staff working in protected areas around the world (including parks, wilderness areas, research areas and protected landscapes) who encounter social conflicts in their management practices. The handbook can also be a resource for other interested parties who want to play a constructive role in protected area conflicts. A simple framework is offered and some strategies for responding to different types of conflicts in protected areas are explored. Case studies, which are the heart of the handbook, describe a variety of both short and long term approaches for dealing with conflict.
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Parks, People and Professionals. Putting "Participation" into Protected Area Management, by Michel Pimbert and Jules Pretty, UNRISD Discussion Paper No 57, Geneva, 1995.
ISSN: 1012-6511
The dominant ideology underpinning conservation has been that people are bad for natural resources. Policies and practice have, therefore, sought to exclude people and so discourage all forms of local participation. This style of conservation has neglected local people, their indigenous knowledge and management systems, their institutions and social organisation, and the value to them of wild resources. The cost to conservation has been high. Social conflicts have grown in and around protected areas, and conservation goals themselves have been threatened. Conservation itself needs rethinking. It has been dominated by the positivist and rationalist paradigm, in which professionals assume they know best and so can analyse and influence natural resources in the ways they desire. Professionals tend to be reductionist in their approach, taking only the presence of a particular species or total species diversity as indicators of value. Such preservationist ideology is dominated by the desire to exclude local people. Yet, there is growing empirical evidence to show that local people have long influenced natural systems in ways that improve biodiversity. Many apparently `primary' forests or habitats did in fact support large numbers of people in the past, whose management actions significantly influenced what remains today. What is needed is a rethinking of conservation science itself. The central challenge is to find ways of putting people back into conservation. Such participation will not be easy, as the term itself is interpreted in many different ways. Only certain types of participation will lead to sustainable conservation. Alternative systems of learning and interaction will help this process of participation, and lead to a new vision for protected area management that builds strongly on vernacular conservation.The new vision will need a new professionalism, new supportive policies, and innovative inter-institutional arrangements. Available from: http://www.unrisd.org

National parks without people? : the South American experience, by Amend, S. and T. Amend, eds., IUCN, Gland (Switzerland), 1995.
The relationship between protected natural areas and local human populations is extremely complex. This challenging book with diverse contributions from experts covering 13 countries, places the issues in context. The book clearly demonstrates that people are part of most national parks, and policies that ignore their presence are doomed to failure. Each country section opens with an introduction to the protected area system and nature protection policy, followed by an analysis of the legal aspects of human occupation, and concludes with descriptions of management experiences.
Printed versions available in English and Spanish from:
http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Collaborative management of forests for conservation and development by Fisher, R.J., IUCN and WWF Gland (Switzerland), 1995
This booklet explores various CM approaches including some that are forest-related such as community forestry and joint forest management, and others that are concerned with protected areas. It covers issues of theory, implementation and methodologies for implementation.
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html

Expanding partnerships in conservation by McNeely, J. A., (ed.), Island Press, Washington, DC, 1995.
Protected areas around the globe - national parks, wildlife reserves, biosphere reserves - will prosper only if they are supported by the public, the private sector, and the full range of government agencies. Yet such support is unlikely unless society appreciates the importance of protected areas to its own interests, and protected areas are well managed and contribute to the national welfare in a cost-effective way. A crucial foundation for success is full cooperation between individuals and institutions. Based on papers presented at the IV World Congress on National Parks and Protected Areas, this book explores how new and stronger partnerships can be formed between managers of protected areas and other sectors of society. It describes a range of activities currently under-way in many parts of the world that are intended to improve conservation efforts at the international, national, and local levels.
Printed versions available from http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/index.html