Acknowledgements

The publication of this Global Species Assessment has been made possible through funding from the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs (DgCiD – Direction générale de la Coopération internationale et du Développement). The DgCiD support included some funding for one of the editors (CHT). The Rufford Maurice Laing Foundation also provided funding for one of the editors (JEMB), for the Red List Programme intern and for the annual update of the IUCN Red List web site. The Moore Family Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation provided funding for another editor (SNS). Jean-Christophe Vié and Georgina Mace assisted with the fund raising.

Undertaking and producing this analysis would not have been possible without the dedicated help and willingness of a large number of people. The editors would like to thank in particular all the authors of the sections for their extremely hard work, for keeping to the deadlines, and for their constructive comments in reviewing the drafts. The completion of this analysis would not have been possible without the dedication of the whole writing team and the backup provided by all the members of the Red List Consortium. The writing team comprised: Jonathan Baillie, Leon Bennun, Thomas Brooks, Stuart Butchart, Janice Chanson, Zoe Cokeliss, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Michael Hoffmann, Georgina Mace, Sue Mainka, Caroline Pollock, Ana Rodrigues, Alison Stattersfield, and Simon Stuart.

In addition to the section authors, a number of people provided information or wrote case studies to illustrate particular issues. The editors and section authors warmly thank the following people for their contributions: Hilary Aikman, Luciano Andriamaro, Peter Best, Bastian Bomhard, Arabella Bramley, Amie Bräutigam, Martin Brooks, Rebecca Cairns-Wicks, Rachel Cavanagh, Trevor Coote, Neil Cox, William Darwall, Nicholas Dulvy, Dominique Fiedler, Nicholas Goodwin, Richard Griffiths, Rod Hitchmough, Elodie Hudson, Larry Master, Joan Mayol Serra, Rory McAuley, Don Merton, Alan Millar, Tony Miller, Paul Pearce-Kelly, Nigel Pitman, Zo Lalaina Rakotobe, Harison Randrianasolo, John Reynolds, Harison Rabarison, Hugh Robertson, Paul Salaman, Ed Saul, Wes Sechrest, Mary Seddon, Colin Simpfendorfer, Astrid Vargas, Jean-Christophe Vié, and Bruce Young.

The editors thank David Brackett (Chair of SSC), and the IUCN Species Programme Officers: Mariano Gimenez Dixon, Anna Knee, and Wendy Strahm for commenting on various drafts and providing assistance.

To help bring the document to life, a number of people and institutions very generously provided photographs: Ross Alford, Tim Allen, Henk Beentje, Dean Biggins, S.D. Biju, BirdLife International, Philip Bishop, Rebecca Cairns-Wicks, Vickie Caraway, Dave Clarke, Colin Clubbe, Harold Cogger, Tony Comacho, Dave Currie, de Saix, Antonio Di Croce, Digital Vision, John Donaldson, Cristian Echeverria, Endangered Wildlife Trust, Michael and Patricia Fogden, Nigel Forshaw, Fundacion ProAves, Glenn Gerber, Justin Gerlach, Janice Golding, Wendell Haag, Mandy Heddle, Nick Helme, Wolcott Henry, Dai Herbert, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Troy Inman, Jack Jeffrey, Zhigang Jiang, Chan Ah Lak, Malcolm Largen, Suzanna León-Yánez, Tasso Leventis, Paul Loiselle, Anna Lushchekina, Chris Magin, Sue Mainka, Ferne McKenzie, Alan Miller, Anthony Miller, R. Mitchell, David Moyer/Wildlife Conservation Society, David Mudge, Piotr Naskrecki, Anna Nekaris, Fabio Olmos, Tony Palliser, Vic Peddemors, Juan Pratginestós/WWF-Brazil, Robert Puschendorf, Asad Rahmani, John Randall, Michael Samways, Christoph Scheidegger, Roland Seitre, Guy Shorrock/RSPB Images, Jeremy Stafford-Deitsch, P.J. Stephenson, Wendy A. Strahm, Bernard Suprin, Frank Todd, Michael Tyler, Peter Paul van Dijk, Jean-Christophe Vié, Richard Wainwright, Henk Wallays, David Weller, Jacob Wijkema, WWF-Canon/David Hulse, WWF-UK, Zoological Society of London, and Sterling Zumbrunn. The photographs were researched by Amie Bräutigam, Zoe Cokeliss, Anna Knee, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Andrew McMullin, Simon Stuart and Richard Thomas. The graphics for this publication were produced mainly by Janice Chanson, Mike Hoffmann and Ana Rodrigues.

The data on which this analysis was based was compiled by staff at BirdLife International (for details see Birdlife 2004b), the Global Amphibian Assessment coordinating team: Neil Cox, Janice Chanson, Simon Stuart, and Bruce Young (see details below), the Global Mammal Assessment coordinating team: Jonathan Baillie, Mariano Gimenez Dixon, and Wes Sechrest (see details below), the IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Assessment Programme staff: Will Darwall and interns Thomas Lowe and Kevin Smith (see details below) and the IUCN Red List Programme staff: Craig Hilton-Taylor, Caroline Pollock and the Red List intern Tristan Tyrrell. We also note the contributions of past interns: Matthew Linkie and Tracy Dickinson, and the Plants Officer Alain Mauric. The Red List Programme is especially grateful to all the Species Programme Officers for encouraging and supporting Specialist Groups to contribute to the Red List.

Producing this analysis would not be possible were it not for the extraordinary enthusiasm, dedication and willingness of many people around the world who contribute an enormous amount of time and effort to supply Red List assessments and the supporting documentation required for the IUCN Red List. In particular, we must acknowledge all the SSC Specialist Group Chairs, Red List Authority focal points, Specialist Group members, and the many field scientists who have been involved in contributing to the IUCN Red List. In the lists below we have tried to highlight all the individuals, groups of individuals, organizations, and participants at particular workshops who's contributions appear on the 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™. With such a long list of names, it is highly probable that we have inadvertently forgotten someone or spelt your names incorrectly; please forgive us.

Assessors (this list excludes the amphibian assessors, these are listed separately below):

T. Abbott, A. Acero, P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, E. Acuña, W.F. Adams, F. Adema, E.M.G. Agoo, B. Agwanda, V. Ahlman, M. Alais, A. Alberts, C. Aldan, G. Allen, M. Allet, P. Almada-Villela, R. Alonso, G. Amori, A.F. Amorim, E.F. Anderson, A. Angerbjörn, M.L.G. Araújo, A.E. Areces-Mallea, C.A. Arfelli, A.J.S. Argolo, A.G. Arredondo, C.S. Asa, P. Ashton, G.S.M. Asmat, A. Assi, A. Assogbadjo, R.P.D. Atkinson, S. Aulagnier, L. Averyanov, G.A. Awan, V. Bachraz, J. Baillie, M.I. Bampi, N.T. Ban, A. Bañares, S. Bandeira, P. Barratt, P Barriga, G.M. Barroso, H. Bauer, R. Baxter, G. Bazante, K.R. Beaman, G. Bearzi, I. Beasley, M.D. Beccaceci, H.J. Beentje, D. Belitsky, T. Bell, C.L. Bellamy, P. Bellingham, G. Benavides, P. Benda, M.B. Bennett, J. Benzie, W. Bergmans, R. Bernal, R.S. Bérnils, A. Beyer, R. Bills, V. Birstein, D. Blair, R.J. Blakenmore, D.A. Blank, V.C. Bleich, B.R. Blood, P. Bloomer, A.E. Bogan, L. Bohs, L. Boitani, R. Bonfil, K. Bonham, C. Bonifaz, R. Boonratana, A. Boratynski, P. Bouchet, W.R. Branch, S. Branstetter, J. Brash, G.T. Braulik, M. Breuil, D. Bridson, D.A. Broughton, D.S. Brown, R.L. Brownell Jr., B. Bruce, M.M. Bruegmann, T. Brule, S.D. Buckner, X. Buitrón, G.H. Burgess, P.M. Burgoyne, A. Burke, J. Burrows, F.J. Burton, T. Butynski, P. Bygrave, A. Cabanban, S. Cable, G.M. Cailliet, R. Cairns-Wicks, E. Calderon, M. Camhi, R. Cantley, J.P.P. Carauta, V. Caraway, A. Carlstrom, C.M.S. Carrington, D.S. Carroll, G. Carron, R.L. Carter, S. Carter-Holmes, L. d'A.F Carvalho, A. Castellanos, G. Castley, P. Catling, T.B. Cavalcanti, R.D. Cavanagh, A. Cedeño, C. Cerón, S. Chakraborty, P. Charvet-Almeida, A.A. Chaudhry, M. Cheek, G.E. Chiaramonte, A.G. Chiarello, W. Chitaukali, M. Chong, L.S.L. Chua, R.C.K. Chung, D. Clark, J.L. Clark, C. Clarke, G.P. Clarke, G. Cliff, E. Cloete, C. Clubbe, N. Coetzee, N. Cole, K. Collins, L.J.V. Compagno, J.G. Conran, C. Conraths, C.J. Conroy, E. Constantino, L. Contreras, S. Contreras-Balderas, J. Conyers, J.A. Cook, S.F. Cook, J. Cootes, L.K. Corbett, X. Cornejo, A.S. Cornish, J.P.S. Correia, E. Cortés, L. Cortés-Oritz, M. Corti, M. Cosse, E.D. Cossíos, F.W. Cotterill, E. Cotton, O. Courtenay, R.H. Cowie, K.A. Crandall, P. Craven, Q.C.B. Cronk, L. Csiba, B. Csuti, A.D. Cuarón, N. Cumberlidge, F. Cuzin, B.L. Cypher, G.A.B. da Fonseca, J. Dalponte, I. Darbyshire, G.S. Davis, S.E. Dawson, M. Day, M.P. de Almeida., P.C. de Grammont, J.J. de Granville, P.J. de Lange, E.F. de Vogel, W.J.J.O. de Wilde, A.J. de Winter, J. Decher, T.D. Defler, T. Delgado, C. Dellafiore, J.R. Demboski, J. Denham, M. Di Bernardo, J.C. Di-Bernardo, R.F. Dicht, F. Dieterlen, W. Dittus, T. Dold, L. Dollar, J.S. Donaldson, J.L. Dowl, R.C. Dowler, T. Down, C. Downer, J. Dransfield, M. Drioli, D. Du Puy, J.M.B. Duarte, W. Duckworth, C.A.J. Duffy, S. Duke, M.E. Dulloo, N.K. Dulvy, L.S. Durbin, R. East, J. Easton, A. Eastwood, D.A. Ebert, P.J. Eddowes, C.W. Edwards, A.-M. Eklund, L.G. Eldredge, J. Ellis, K.C. Emberton, S. Endrody-Younga, R. Erickson, C. Espinoza, F.B. Essig, J. Estes, M. Etuge, A. Eudey, G. Evans, R. Evans, L. Fagundes, J. Fahr, N. Fairall, D. Fairclough, A. Farjon, C. Faulkes, C. Feh, S. Fennessy, I.K. Fergusson, M. Festa-Bianchet, Y. Finet, D. Finnie, G.A. Firsov, B. Fitz Maurice, W.A. Fitz Maurice, A. Flaherty, J. Florence, D. Florens, G. Folkerts, S. Fordham, G. Foster, S.L. Fowler, M.P. Francis, F.L. Franco, A. Freire-Fierro, T. Frest, A. Frias-Martin, R.A. Fridell, K.D. Friedland, D. Frodin, C. Frost, Fu Likuo, D. Fuller, T.K. Fuller, M. Furtado, O.B.F. Gadig, J. Ganzhorn, J.E. Garcia, M. Garcia, R.J. Garcia, G. Garcia-Moliner, R. Gardner, G. Garfi, A. Gasgoigne, E. Geffen, T. Geissmann, C. Gemmill, S. George, G. Gerber, J. Gerlach, S.A. Ghazanfar, R. Gibson, M. Gimenez Dixon, J.R. Ginsberg, S. Gippoliti, F. Giusti, D. Gledhill, B. Goettsch, A. Golamco Jr., J. Golding, K.J. Goldman, C. Gómez-Hinostrosa, M. González, S. González, M. González-Espinosa, I. Gordon, G. Gosline, J. Grady, L. Granjon, A. Gray, M. Griffin, H.I. Griffiths, O. Griffiths, J. Groenendijk, P. Grubb, D.L. Guadagnin, A., Güner, A. Guttman, M. Haase, M.A. Hack, M. Hadfield, L. Hadway, T. Haevermans, D.J. Hafner, J.C. Hafner, N. Hahn, W.P. Haines, F. Hajek, M. Hamer, J. Hammond, J. Hare, M. Harmelin-Vivien, J.H. Harris, R.B. Harris, D. Harrison, W. Hawthorne, W.K. Hayes, L. Heaney, M.L. Heddle, S. Hedges, R. Hefner, J. Heller, A. Henderson, R. Henderson, S. Henley, D.G. Herbert, J. Herbert, C. Hernández, H,M. Hernández, P. Hersteinsson, W.J. Hess, M.R. Heupel, E.W. Heymann, N.T. Hiep, D. Hill, K.D. Hill, C. Hilton-Taylor, G.B. Hinton, G.S. Hinton, A. Hofer, M. Hoffmann, Z.S. Hogan, C. Hong-Wa, A. Hoock, J. Horrocks, M. Hounsome, K. Howell, N. Hozbor, C. Hughes, B. Human, G. Huntsman, J. Hurter, S.A. Hussain, A. Hutson, R. Hutterer, C. Huveneers, M. Ibanez, P.L. Ibisch, T.M. Iliffe, H. Is-haquou Daouda, H. Ishihara, N. Ishii, J.B. Iverson, D. Jacobs. T. Jaffré, G. Jakubowsky, T. Jaramillo, P. Jenkins, Y.V. Jhala, N. Jiddawi, J.E. Jiménez, A.J.T. Johnsingh, D. Johnson, C. Jones, P. Jørgensen, J. Juste, D. Kahwa, C. Kalkman, B. Kanchnasaka, A.B. Katende, L. Kaufman, E. Kaunda, K. Kawanishi, Kazunari Yano, M. Keith, B.T. Kelly, D.L. Kelly, J. Kerbis Peterhans, V. Kessner, R. Kiesling, R.N. Kilburn, N. Kingston, S. Kingswood, G.L. Kirkland Jr., L.K. Kiwi, C.R. Knapp, K.M. Kochummen, G. Köhler, J.E. Kotas, M. Kottelat, D. Kreb, S. Krentz, M. Krose, M. Kulbicki, F.E. Kurczewski, R. Kyambadde, P.M. Kyne, H. Labat, S. Laegaard, J. Lamilla, A.F. Lamónaca, B. Lang, C.N. Lange, P. Last, L. Lavrenchenko, M. Lawes, Le Xuan Canh, G. Leach, L. Leandro, D.M. Lenain, S. León-Yánez, R. Lessa, Li Zhenyu, T.J. Lisney, R. List, Liu Zhengyu, S. Llamozas, N. Lloyd, P. Lloyd, J. Lockyear, P. Loiselle, S. Loots, A.J. Loveridge, J. Lovett, J. Loving, A. Lowrie, S.Y. Lu, M. Lucherini, R. Ludovic, A.D. Lüthy, A. Lyenga, B. Maas, D.W. Macdonald, S.O. MacDonald, N.A. Madhyastha, D. Madulid, A.M. Maeda-Martinez, Z.L.K. Magombo, A. Mailosi, D.P. Mallon, G. Manganelli, C. Mannheimer, M.C.D. Mansur, M. Mantuano, J.M. Manzanares, M. Marcelino, S. Maree, J. Marino, S. Marjinissen, A.L. Markezich, M. Marks, O.A.V. Marques, M.B. Martins, A. Massa, S. Matola, C. Matthee, A. Mauchamp, J. Mauricio, R. Mazzoleni, N. Mbeiza Mutekanga, J.H. McAdam, D. McAllister, R. McAuley, E. McCance, K. McCreery, K.P. McDonald, R.M. McDowall, C. McGaugh, D. McGinnity, C.A. McGuinness, J.W. McNutt, L.D. Mech, S.L. Mendes, S. Mickleburgh, A.J.K. Millar, A.G. Miller, M.G.L. Mills, N. Mitchell, M. Mitré, P. Moehlman, H. Mogollón, A. Monadjem, R. Montúfar, M. Moraes, S.A.A. Morato, P. Moreno, J.C. Moura-Leite, C. Moya, P. Muriel, P. Murugaiyan, J.A. Musick, S.G. Mycock, S. Myers, M. Mylonas, F. Naggs, D.W. Nagorsen, A. Nakazono, M. Nambou, R.C. Namora, H. Navarrete, G.G. Ndiritu, M.B. Ndjele, J.A. Neer, D. Neill, J.A.J. Nel, R. Nel, D. Nellis, C. Nelson, K. Nelson, J. Nerz, T.R. New, C. Ngereza, N.H. Nghia, Nguyen Tien Hiep, F. Nicayenzi, G. Nichols, F. Nicolalde, T. Nikolic, K. Nixon, L. Noblick, B. Norman, G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, A.J. Novaro, K. Nowell, D. Nyberg, M.R. Oates, R.A. Odum, M.I. Oetinger, S.F. Oetinger, M.J. O'Farrell, N. Oguge, P. Oguge, N. Oleas, R.B. Oliveira, W. Oliver, S. Othman, J. Ottenwalder, N. Ovsyanikov, W. Page, S. Palazzi, G. Palmer, D. Pan, F.J., Pan, C.M. Pannell, F.M. Parauka, C. Parent, A.J. Paton, M. Patten, L. Paul, M. Pawson, P. Pearce-Kelly, O. Pearson, G. Pedralli, T. Peguy, A.L. Peixoto, J. Perälä, J.P. Pereira, A. Perera, M.B. Peres, A.M. Perez, N. Perez, O. Pergams, M. Perrin, R. Pethiyagoda, F. Petrovic, B. Peyton, M.F. Pfab, Phan Ke Loc, S. Pheeha, K.A. Phillips, M.K. Phillips, P.S.M. Phiri, S.J. Pierce, R. Pillans, U. Piovezan, J. Pires O'Brien, N. Pitman, J. Pogonoski, B. Pokryseko, B.J. Pollard, D.A. Pollard, C.M. Pollock, W.F. Ponder, R. Powell, A. Poyarkov, M.S. Pradhan, D. Prado, R.C. Preece, J. Ptolemy, Z. Pucek, A. Punt, H.J. Quero, C. Quintana, E.A. Rahman, N. Ramirez-Marcial, F.M. Randriantafika, G. Rasmussen, G.B. Rathbun, M. Reardon, J.W. Reid, D.C.F. Rentz, C. Reuther, J.C. Reynolds, G. Rincon, T. Ripken, H. Rischer, F. Rivera, R. Robbins, E. Robbrecht, C. Roberts, L. Robinson, C.F.D. Rocha, W.A. Rodrigues, J.V. Rodríguez-M., G.W. Roemer, A.I. Roest, J.G. Rohwer, W. Rojas, M. Romero, H. Romero-Saltos, K. Romoleroux, R.S. Rosa, J.P. Ross, B. Roth, J.P. Roux, D.I. Rubenstein, A. Runstrom, K. Rushforth, B. Russell, R. Rutty, S. Ryan, A.B. Rylands, Y. Sadovy, C. Safina, M. Saleh, M. Samoilys, M.J. Samways, B. Sánchez, M. Sandiford, J. Santiana, F. Santos Motta, A.L. Sarti Martinez, L.G. Saw, I. Sazima, G.B. Schaller, C. Scheidegger, P.J. Schembri, C. Schenck, M. Schilthuizen, D. Schlitter, P.A. Schmidt, D. Schnell, R. Scott-Shaw, E.R. Secchi, M.B. Seddon, S. Semesi, J.A. Seminoff, B. Séret, T.L. Serfass, H.S. Shellhammer, G. Sherley, K. Sidiyasa, C. Sillero-Zubiri, J.C.S. Silva, N.M.F. Silva, M. Simons, C. Simpfendorfer, R.K. Sinha, A. Situ Yingyi, P. Skelton, B. Sket, L.E. Skog, S. Slack-Smith, L. Slooten, M.J. Smale, A.T. Smith, B.D. Smith, G. Smith, R. Smith, S.E. Smith, J. Smith-Abbott, H. Snell, J. Snoeks, J. Sobel, A. Solem, B. Sonké, J.M.R. Soto, M.M. Sotomayor, C. Spence, R. St. Pierre, C. Stamm, J. Stanisic, F. Starmühlner, F. Stauffer, D.T. Steele, J. Steffek, G. Sternberg, J. Stevens, P.F. Stevens, M. Stiassny, W. Strahm, C. Stuart, T. Stuart, W. Stuppy, K.A. Subramanian, L. Suin, J.M. Sulentich, R.M. Sullivan, W. Sun, L.F. Sundström, B. Suprin, C. Surprenant, M. Tannerfeldt, T. Tarifa, P. Tattersfield, E. Tavares, A. Taylor, B.L., Taylor, N.P. Taylor, P. Taylor, A. Tchabovsky, C. Tenberg, V. Tezoo, C.S. Thaeler Jr., M. Thulin, J. Timberlake, S.D. Tirira, D. Tiu, P. Tolson, K. Tomiyama, R.B. Torres, A. Tye, M. Tyson, M. Uhart, C.U. Ulloa, Y. Uozumi, C. Valdespino, J.C. Valenzuela, A. van Jaarsveld, E. van der Straeten, H. van Rompaey, N. van Strien, C.A.M. van Swaay, P.C. van Welzen, D. Varela, I. Vargas, R. Varman, N. Varty, A.M.S. Vaz, L.A. Velez-Espino, A. Venkataraman, J. Vermeulen, J. Victor, J.-C. Vié, A. Vincent, J.L. Vivero, G.M. Vogel, R. Von Cosel, C.M. Vooren, A.P. Vovides, Vu Ngoc Thanh, R. Wager, H. Wai, H.F. Waldemarin, S. Waldren, P. Walker, R. Walker, T.I. Walker, J.Y. Wang, M.S. Warren, R.K. Wayne, D. Weller, S. Wells, A. Whistler, L. White, W.T. White, I. Whyte, T. Wiewandt, M.J. Wigginton, M. Wikelski, G. Wiles, S.A. Williams, D. Wingate, A. Witsuba, G. Wong, N. Woodfield, R. Woodroffe, P. Wright, W. Wuster, Xiang Qiaoping, R. Yahr, S. Yahya, K. Yano, E. Yensen, D.C. Zappi, J. Zielinski, S. Zoerner, S. Zona, and G. Zorzi.

Assessors (Groups and Organizations):

Often, instead of individuals being named as the assessors, the name of the Specialist Group is used instead, especially in cases where assessments are agreed by consensus amongst the members of a group. Hence we record our thanks to all the members of the following Specialist Groups:

African Elephant Specialist Group, African Rhino Specialist Group, Antelope Specialist Group, Asian Elephant Specialist Group, Asian Rhino Specialist Group, Australasian Marsupial and Monotreme Specialist Group, Australasian Reptile and Amphibian Specialist Group, Bear Specialist Group, Bison Specialist Group, Bryophyte Specialist Group, Canid Specialist Group, Caprinae Specialist Group, Cat Specialist Group, Cetacean Specialist Group, China Plant Specialist Group, Chiroptera Specialist Group, Conifer Specialist Group, Crocodile Specialist Group, Deer Specialist Group, Edentate Specialist Group, Equid Specialist Group, European Reptile and Amphibian Specialist Group, Hippo Specialist Group (now the Pig, Peccary & Hippo SG), Hyaena Specialist Group, Hyrax Specialist Group (now under the Afrotheria SG), Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group, Insectivore Specialist Group, Lagomorph Specialist Group, Lepidoptera Specialist Group, Mollusc Specialist Group, Mustelid, Viverrid and Procyonid Specialist Group (now the Small Carnivore SG), New World Marsupial Specialist Group, Odonata Specialist Group, Orthopteroid Specialist Group, Pangolin Specialist Group, Pig, Peccary & Hippo Specialist Group, Polar Bear Specialist Group, Primate Specialist Group, Rodent Specialist Group, Seal Specialist Group, Shark Specialist Group, Sirenia Specialist Group, Social Insects Specialist Group, South American Camelid Specialist Group, Sturgeon Specialist Group, Temperate Broadleaved Tree Specialist Group (now under the Global Tree SG), Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, West Indian Iguana Specialist Group (now the Iguana SG), and Wolf Specialist Group.

Additional organizations involved in providing Red List assessments include:

American Fisheries Society Endangered Species Committee, ANZECC Endangered Fauna Network, BirdLife International Red List Authority, Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, Nature Protection Trust of Seychelles, Project Seahorse, and the UNEP–World Conservation Monitoring Centre.

Assessors (Workshops)

A number of Red List assessments are generated through workshops. In many instances, the assessors are simply recorded as “Participants of xxx workshop”. This is the first attempt to record such workshops and their participants, so we apologise for any workshops or participants that have been omitted.

Tree Assessment Workshops:

African Regional Workshop (Conservation & Sustainable Management of Trees, Zimbabwe, July 1996): S.O. Achieng', S. Bandeira, L. Boulos, B. Campbell, G.P. Clarke, R. Drummond, S. Edwards, C. Geldenhuys, C. Hilton-Taylor, C. Jenkins, S. Kanyamibwa, A.B. Katende, A. Maroyi, N. Marshall, N. Mianda-Bungi, T. Müller, D. N'Sasso, J.C. Okafor, S. Oldfield, A.-S. Ouédraogo, P.S.M. Phiri, J. Reay, C. Rogers, N.C. Songwe, and J. Timberlake.

Americas Regional Workshop (Conservation & Sustainable Management of Trees, Costa Rica, November 1996): T. Ammour, X. Buitron, E. Calderon, J.J. Campos, A.J. Coombes, L. Corrales, E. Dalcin, J. de Koning, F.B. Gandara Mendes, A.-M. Giulietti, W. Hess, C. Jenkins, M. Kanninen, S. Keel, S. Llamozas, N. Marshall, M. Mitre, D.E. Mora de Retana, C.H. Nelson Sutherland, A. Newton, K. Nixon, A.-S. Ouédraogo, S. Oldfield, C.N. Pereira, J. Pires-O'Brien, D. Prado, M. Rodriguez, W.G. Sanchez, M.S. Sandison, M. Sneary, N.E. Ventura Centeno, P. Wellner, and N. Zamora.

Freshwater Turtles:

Asian Turtle Trade Working Group (Cambodia, December 1999): S. Bhupathy, K.A. Buhlmann, B. Chan, T.-H. Chen, B.C. Choudhury, I. Das, D.B. Hendrie, D.T. Iskandar, R. Kan, S.M. Munjural Hannan Khan, M. Lau, H. Ota, T. Palasuwan, S.G. Platt, S.M.A. Rashid, A.G.J. Rhodin, D.S.K. Sharma, C.R. Shepherd, Shi Haitao, B.L. Stuart, R.J. Timmins, P.P. van Dijk, and Y. Yasukawa.

CAMP Workshops:

CAMP Workshop, Kenya (November 1996): A.H. Boga, C. Clubbe, B. Dawa, A. Githitho, C. Hankamer, P. Ipulet, P. Kahumbu, J. Kibugi, Q. Luke, M. Maunder, A.J. Mengereni, N. Muthiga, P. Muthoka, M. Olwell, and H.M. Siwa.

CAMP Workshops on Medicinal Plants, India (January 1997): M. Ahmedullah, B.S. Aswal, V.P. Bhatt, S. Chatterjee, L.B. Chaudhary,B. Datt, G.S. Giri, T. Husain, S.K. Kashyap, C.P. Kala, M.K. Kaul, P.C. Kotwal, A. Kumar, J.H. Lalramnghinglova, J.K. Maheshwari, S.K. Mamgain, S. Molur, M.S. Mondal, P.K. Mukherjee, R. Nayar, D.C. Pal, G. Pandey, N. Pradham, V. Prakash, T.S. Rana, R.R. Rao, A.K.S. Rawat, K.A. Sahoo, A. Saklani, A.R.K. Sastry, S.K. Sen, N.C. Shah, G.P. Sharma, M.P. Shiva, J. Singh, K.K. Singh, P.B. Singh, S.J.B. Srivastava, V. Tandon, V. Uppal, D.K. Ved, and S. Walker.

CBSG/ANGAP CAMP Faune de Madagascar Workshop (May 2001): D. Anderson, F. Andreone, V.E. Andrianjaka, J. Behler, Q. Bloxam, A. Britt, J. Cadle, K. Glander, S. Goodman, R.B. Iambana, A. Jolly, G. Kuchling, J.M. Lernould, P. Loiselle, E.E. Louis, M.I. Mayor, R.A. Mittermeier, M. Nicoll, I. Porton, F.C. Rabemananjara, S. Rabesihanaka, N. Rabibisoa, J.R. Rafaliarison, G. Rafomanana, P. Rahagalala, F. Raharison, E. Raholimavo, A. Rajarison, J. Rakotoarimanana, G. Rakotoarisoa, D. Rakotomalala, E. Rakotomavo, B.H. Rakotondratsima, M. Rakotondratsima, D. Rakotondravony, R. Rakotondravony, J.B. Ramanamanjato, M.A. Ramanantsoa, J. Ramanarana, O. Ramilison, R. Raminosoa, H. Randriamahazo, J. Randrianirina, V. Randrianjafy, V. Randriantsizafy, A.P. Raselimanana, R. Rasoloarison, B. Rasolonandrasana, J. Ratsimbazafy, H.N. Raveloson, R. Ravolanaivo, C.C. Raxworthy, J. Razafindrakoto, R. Razafindrasoa, M. Razanahoera-Rakotomalala, O.C. Razandrimamilafiniarivo, Saïndou, V. Soarimalala, A. Vargas, and P.C. Wright.

CBSG CAMP Workshop, India (August 1997): N.V.K. Ashraf, G.K. Bhat, M.R. Borges, A.K. Chakravarthy, S. Chattopadhyay, D.K.L. Choudhury, G. Christopher, J.C. Daniel, P.S. Easa, N. Gopalakrishna, E.A. Jayson, G.K. Joseph, R. Krishnan, M. Krishnappa, M.M. Mansoor, G. Marimuthu, V. Menon, M.K. Mishra, R.S.L. Mohan, S. Molur, D. Mudappa, M. Muni, P.O. Nameer, P. Padmanabhan, S. Paulraj, M.S. Pradhan, K.K. Ramachandran, G. Ramaswamy, M.V. Ravi Kumar, K. Shankar, C.K. Shivanna, Y.P. Sinha, N. Sivaganeshan, V.V. Sivam, K. Srihari, K.A. Subramanian, R. Sukumar, K.S. Sundar, W. Sunderraj, M.H. Swaminath, A. Udhayan, G. Utkarsh, S. Varma, A. Venkataraman, and S. Walker.

CBSG CAMP Workshop: Status of South Asian Chiroptera, India (January 2002): M.A. Ali, P.J.J. Bates, A.R. Binu Priya, B.A. Daniel, J.C. Daniel, H. de Boer, P.M.C.B. Digana, D.P.S. Doss, V. Elangovan, A.C. Girish, N. Gopukumar, A. Hutson, Khin Muang Swe, J. King Immanuel, V.S. Korad, D. Kranti Yardi, D.S. Joshi, S. Kandula, A.J. Koilraj, G.H. Koli, A. Madhavan, G. Marimuthu, S. Mistry, S. Molur, M. Muni, P.T. Nathan, K. Nathar, A. Noble, K. Padma Priya, P. Padmanabhan, P.J.E. Pandaranayaka, M.S. Pradhan, E.Y.S. Priya, H. Raghuram, B. Ravichandran, L.G. Ravikumar, S.P.R. Solomon, R. Rajasekar, K. Seedikkoya, K.R. Senacha, J. Sheela, T.K. Shrestha, E.A.A. Shukkur, N. Singaravelan, Y.P. Sinha, K.S. Sreepada, C. Srinivasulu, A. Thabah, J. Vanitharani, S. Walker, and W.B. Yapa.

CBSG CAMP Workshop: Status of South Asian Primates, India (March 2002): R. Ali, H. Andrews, H.R. Bhat, J. Biswas, J. Bose, D. Brandon-Jones, M.K. Chalise, B. Chakravarthy, K.N. Changappa, D. Chetry, J. Das, J. Dela, W. Dittus, A. Eudey, M.M. Feeroz, S. Ganapathiappan, S.C. Ghimire, M.K. Ghimire, S. Gunatilake, G.K. Joseph, J.B. Karki, N.K. Kodithuwakku, R. Krishnamani, Ajith Kumar, Awadesh Kumar, H.R. Kumar, K.R. Liyanage, N.S. Manoharan, R. Medhi, M.K. Misra, S. Mitra, P.O. Nameer, K.S. Neelakantan, M.S. Pradhan, K. Pushkar, S. Ram, K.K. Ramachandran, V. Ramakantha, G. Ramaswamy, S.K. Sahoo, A.K. Sharma, M. Singh, G.S. Solanki, R.K. Somaweera, P. Srivatsava, P.C. Tyagi, A. Watson, A.N. Weerasinghe, and S. Wijeyamohan.

Mammal Workshops:

Brazil Threatened Species Workshop (December 2002) [primate group only]: J.C. Bicca-Marques, A.A. Biedzicki de Marques, A.G. Chiarello, B. Cozenza, R. Cunha de Paula, G.A.B. da Fonseca, F. de Camargo Passos, F.R. de Melo, J. de Sousa e Silva, Jr., M. Gordo, C.E. Grelle, M. Iolita Bampi, S. Lucena Mendes, M. Marcelino, R.V. Marques, A.R. Mendes Pontes, R. Moura, F. Olmos, and A.B. Rylands.

Fourth International Conservation Workshop for the Threatened Fauna of Arabia: Arabian Ungulates Working Group (February 2003): F. Al Baroudi, S. Al Dhaheri, M.A. Al Dosary, M.H. Al Jahdhami, H.S. Al Khalifa, M.A. Al-Mutairi, T. Bailey, I. Barcello, C. Drew, P.B. Giridas, F. Launay, D. Mallon, P. McKinney, P. Mésochina, I.A. Nader, J. Newby, D. O'Donovan, P. Phelan, M. Qarqaz, Saleh Naghmoosh Thani Ali Saadi, A. Spalton and M. van Delft.

African Elephant Specialist Group – Red List Task Force, AfESG Meeting, Namibia (December 2003): D. Balfour, J. Blanc, C. Craig, H. Dublin, C. Foley, D. Gibson, J. Hart, S. Kasiki, S. Lahm, M. Litoroh, J. Mshelbwala, L. Mubalama, L. Niskanen, G. Nomba, P. Omondi, J.R. Onononga, C. Papa Conde, M. Tchamba, A. Tehou, C. Thouless, C., and I. Whyte.

GMA African Small Mammals Workshop, London (January 2004): E. Abdel Rahman, B. Agwanda, G. Amori, A. Assogbadjo, S. Auglanier, J. Baillie, R. Baxter, P. Benda, W. Bergmans, J. Bielby, L. Boitani, G. Catullo, W. Chitaukali, C.G. Coetzee, Z. Cokeliss, B. Collen, M. Corti, F.W. Cotterill, J. Decher, F. Dieterlen, J. Fahr, M. Gimenez-Dixon, L. Granjon, M. Griffin, P. Grubb, C. Hilton-Taylor, M. Hoffman, K. Howell, R. Hutterer, A. Hutson, H. Is-haquou Daouda, N. Isaac, D. Jacobs, P. Jenkins, J. Juste, J. Kerbis Peterhans, D. Knox, L. Lavrenchenko, J. Long, S. Maree, I. Marzetti, A. Monadjem, N. Oguge, C. Rondinini, D. Schlitter, W. Sechrest, P.J. Taylor, and E. van der Straeten.

Shark Workshops:

Shark Specialist Group Australia and Oceania Regional Red List workshop (March 2003): P. Barratt, M.B. Bennett, G.H. Burgess, R.D. Cavanagh, L.J.V. Compagno, C.A.J. Duffy, A. Flaherty, S.L. Fowler, M.P. Francis, I. Gordon, M.R. Heupel, P.M. Kyne, T.J. Lisney, R. McAuley, J.A. Musick, L. Paul, S.J. Pierce, R. Pillans, J. Pogonoski, D.A. Pollard, M. Reardon, C. Simpfendorfer, J. Stevens, T.I. Walker, W.T White, and S.A. Williams.

Shark Specialist Group Deep-sea Chondrichthyan Red List workshop (November 2003): E. Acuña, J.P. Caldas, R.D. Cavanagh, C.A.J. Duffy, S. Fordman, S.L. Fowler, M.P. Francis, K. Graham, J.A. Holtzhausen, C. Huveneers, P.M. Kyne, J. Lamilla, J.A. Musick, F. Serena, W.T. White, and K. Yano.

Shark Specialist Group South American Regional Red List workshop (June 2003): E. Acuña, A.F. Amorim, M.A.R. Camarena, R.D. Cavanagh, G.E. Chiaramonte, P. Charvet-Almeida, M.P. de Almeida, M.L.G. de Araújo, A. Domingo, V. Faria, M. Furtado, M.M.B. Gonçalez, N. Hozbor, J. Lamilla, L. Leandro, R. Lessa, P.L. Mancini, A. Massa, J.A. Musick, S.G. Mycock, G. Rincon, R.S. Rosa, J.M.R. Soto, J. Stevens, C.M. Vooren, and T.I. Walker.

Shark Specialist Group Subequatorial Africa Regional Red List workshop (September 2003): J. Bell, J. Brash, G.H. Burgess, R.D. Cavanagh, G. Cliff, L.J.V. Compagno, A. Cooke, M. Dicken, M. Ducrocq, S. Dudley, D.A. Ebert, S.L. Fowler, C. Hilton-Taylor, H. Holtzhausen, B. Human, N. Jiddawi, M. McCord, R. Nel, A.J. Pegado, S. Pheeha, H. Rasolonjatovo, L. Robinson, S. Semesi, M.J. Smale, M. van Tienhoven, S. Wintner, and S. Yahya.

Evaluators

All the assessments submitted for inclusion in the IUCN Red List since 2000 have undergone a peer review process through the appointed Red List Authorities. Each assessment is required to be reviewed and approved by at least two named people. We thank the following for their valuable time spent reviewing assessments:

A. Abreu, A.H. Abuzinada, E.M.G. Agoo, I. Alados, A. Alberts, D.M.H. AL-Eisami, R. Ali, M. Amer, G. Amori, Z.T. Ashenafi, E. Baard, V. Bachraz, D. Balfour, B. Bassano, P. Bates, R. Baxter, J. Behler, M. Bekoff, P. Benstead, S. Bestelmeyer, C. Birkinshaw, J. Blanc, A.E. Bogan, P. Bouchet, R. Bour, D. Bramwell, D. Brandon-Jones, C. Breitenmoser, U. Breitenmoser, C. Breitenmoser-Wursten, M. Brooke, T. Brooks, T. Brule, K. Buhlmann, I. Burfield, S. Butchart, T. Butynski, R. Cairns-Wicks, D. Callaghan, D. Capper, O. Carrillo, R.D. Cavanagh, F. Cervantes, M.K. Chalise, S. Chan, J. Chemnick, D. Chetry, S. Cilliers, V. Clausnitzer, R. Clay, C. Clubbe, N. Collar, L.J.V. Compagno, L. Contreras, S.F. Cook, E. Coppejans, G. Coppois, A. Cornish, O. Courtenay, R. Cowie, K. Crandall, P.J. Cribb, Q. Cronk, M. Crosby, D. Crouse, J. Croxall, F. Cuzin, S. Daniels, W. Darwall, J. Das, P. Davidson, E.F. de Vogel, R. Dekker, J. Dela, T. Dickinson, W. Dittus, F.S. Dobson, M. Domeier, J.S. Donaldson, J.M.B. Duarte, H.T. Dublin, J.W. Duckworth, M.E. Dulloo, G. Dutson, R. East, D.A. Ebert, A.-M. Eklund, J. Ekstrom, R. Emslie, R. Estes, A. Eudey, M. Evans, A. Farjon, F. Feh, S. Fennessy, M. Festa-Bianchet, L. Fishpool, C. FitzGibbon, D. Florens, S.J. Foster, S.L. Fowler, J. Fox, M.P. Francis, G. Garcia-Moliner, M. Gardner, S. Garnett, P. Garson, D. Geiger, P. Geissler, E.M. Gese, W. Gibbons, M. Gimenez Dixon, S. Gippoliti, J. Golding, S. González, D. Gottelli, K. Graham, M. Griffin, M. Groves, P. Grubb, P. Haaker, W. Haberl, M.A. Hack, D.J. Hafner, T. Hallingbäck, M. Hamer, M. Harmelin-Vivien, R. Harris, F. Hawkins, R. Hecky, B. Hedges, S. Hedges, D.G. Herbert, M. Hernández, K.D. Hill, C. Hilton-Taylor, N. Hodgetts, H. Hofer, M. Hoffmann, R. Hudson, B. Human, S.A. Hussain, A. Hutson, R. Hutterer, S.J. Incháustegui, N. Ishii, J. Iverson, P. Jackson, P. Jenkins, C. Jermy, Y.V. Jhala, P.M. Jørgensen, G.K. Joseph, L. Kaufman, K. Kauhala, T. Kawamicki, G.L. Kirkland Jr., L. Kohorn, W.R. Konstant, M. Kottelat, P. Krausman, T. Kristensen, M. Kulbicki, D. Kulka, P.M. Kyne, J.N. Labat, P. Lafrance, M.K. Laurenson, M. Lawes, R. Lea, M.R.P. Leite, S. Léon-Yánez, P. Lindsey, S. Lourie, S. Lovari, P.P. Lowry, Q. Luke, N.D.T. Luu, G.M. Mace, D.A. Madulid, L. Maffei, J.R. Malcolm, D.P. Mallon, I. Malombe, T. Maran, A.D. Marsden, D. Marsden, T.S. Masoud, M. Maunder, J. Mauremootoo, A. Mauric, R. McAuley, R. McClellan, P. Medici, J, Mickel, S. Mickleburgh, P. Mikkelsen, S. Miller, G. Mills, E.J. Milner-Gulland, S. Mitra, R.A. Mittermeier, P. Moehlman, P.D., Moehlman, A. Moehrenschlager, R. Moran, J.A. Musick, A. Nakazono, D. Nel, Nguyen Duc To Luu, K. Nowell, A. O'Brien, W.L.R. Oliver, J. Paxton, H. Payne, R. Peckover, N. Peet, W.F. Perrin, N. Pilcher, J. Pilgrim, D. Pillay, N. Pitman, A. Plowman, J. Pogonoski, C.M. Pollock, W.F. Ponder, R. Pople, R. Porter, M. Pourkazemi, M.S. Pradhan, I. Prakash, Hai-Ning Qin, P. Racey, A.R. Rahmani, C. Rajeriarison, D. Randall, A. Randrianasolo, E. Randrianjohany, T. Ranker, G. Rathbun, G.B. Rathbun, R.R. Reeves, C. Reuther, A. Rhodin, D. Roberts, M. Rodden, F. Rodrigues, B. Roth, D.I. Rubenstein, B. Russell, A.B. Rylands, Y. Sadovy, M. Saeki, S.K. Sahoo, M. Samoilys, M.J. Samways, C. Scheidegger, M. Schilthuizen, D. Schlitter, P. Scott, G. Sedberry, M.B. Seddon, B. Seret, D. Shackleton, A.K. Sharma, A. Shoemaker, S. Shutes, C. Sillero-Zubiri, L. Silveira, C.A. Simpfendorfer, A.T. Smith, C. Smith, R. Smith, G.S. Solanki, M. Sovada, J.S. Sparks, R. St. Pierre, S. Stankovic, A. Stattersfield, M. Stehmann, J. Stevens, D.W. Stevenson, M.L.J. Stiassny, W. Strahm, C. Stuart, T. Stuart, W. Stuppy, M. Swarner, L. Tallents, B. Tan, L. Tatin, P. Tattersfield, B.L. Taylor, N.P. Taylor, S. Taylor, P. Thomas, F.G. Thompson, J. Tobias, S. Todd, R. Valencia, P.P. van Dijk, H. van Rompaey, J.E. Victor, A.C.J. Vincent, B. von Arx, A. Vovides, T.I.Walker, A. Watson, D. Wege, P. Wegge, W.T. White, R.S.R. Williams, S. Williams, R. Wirth, P.A. Wolseley, J. Wood, K.R. Wood, Z. Xianchun, E. Yensen, Y. Yuqun, L. Zapfack, S. Zona, and G.L Zuercher.

Evaluators (Groups and Organizations)

All the above evaluators are members from one or more of the following Red List Authorities:

African Elephant Red List Authority, African Rhino Red List Authority, Afrotheria Red List Authority, Antelope Red List Authority, Arabian Plants Red List Authority, Asian Wild Cattle Red List Authority, BirdLife International Red List Authority, Bryophyte Red List Authority, Cacti and Succulent Plant Red List Authority, Canid Red List Authority (including the Ethiopian Wolf Working Group), Caprinae Red List Authority, Carnivorous Plants Red List Authority, Cat Red List Authority, Cetacean Red List Authority, China Plants Red List Authority, Chiroptera Red List Authority, Conifer Red List Authority, Cycad Red List Authority, Deer Red List Authority, East African Plants Red List Authority, Ecuador Plants Red List Authority, Equid Red List Authority, Grouper & Wrasse Red List Authority, Hyaena Red List Authority, Iguana Red List Authority, Indian Ocean Island Plant Red List Authority, Inland Water Crustacean Red List Authority, Insectivore Red List Authority, Lagomorph Red List Authority, Lichen Red List Authority, Macaronesian Plants Red List Authority, Madagascar Plants Red List Authority, Marine Turtle Red List Authority, Mollusc Red List Authority, Mustelid, Viverrid and Procyonid Red List Authority (now the Small Carnivore RLA), Odonata Red List Authority, Orchid Red List Authority, Otter Red List Authority, Palm Red List Authority, Philippine Plants Red List Authority Pig, Peccary and Hippo Red List Authority, Primate Red List Authority, Pteridophyte Red List Authority, Rodent Red List Authority, Shark Red List Authority, South Atlantic Island Plants Red List Authority, Southern African Invertebrate Red List Authority, Southern African Plant Red List Authority, Sturgeon Red List Authority, Syngnathid Red List Authority, Tapir Red List Authority, and Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Red List Authority.

Some evaluators were from outside of the appointed Red List Authorities; the organizations represented include:

American Museum of Natural History: New York, Australian Museum, BirdLife Seabird Programme, Birds Australia, British Antarctic Survey, Conservation International: Dominican Republic, Grupo Jaragua: Dominican Republic, Guyra Paraguay: Conservación de Aves, IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Assessment Programme, IUCN Red List Programme Office, Megapode Specialist Group, Pennsylvania State University: US, SSC Plant Conservation Committee, University of Cambridge, University of Gent: Belgium, Wild Bird Society of Japan, and the World Pheasant Association.

Global Amphibian Assessment Acknowledgements:

The Moore Family Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, through Conservation International, provided the core financial support for the GAA. The MAVA Foundation, the US Department of State, the Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare, the National Science Foundation (DEB-0130273 and INT-0322375), the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, George Meyer, Ben Hammett, and the Disney Foundation provided additional major support. The Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, WWF Australia, the Taipei Zoological Foundation, the Chicago Zoological Society, the Society for Wildlife and Nature, and the Columbus Zoo also provided generous support. Claude Gascon and Jorgen Thomsen in particular assisted us with fundraising. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Darrel Frost of the American Museum of Natural History provided extensive assistance on taxonomic and nomenclatural issues, without which it would have been much more difficult to implement the GAA. David Wake of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at the University of California at Berkeley gave us privileged access to the AmphibiaWeb database. We are most grateful to both of these people for their unfailing support.

We received assistance and advice in ways too numerous to mention from the IUCN/SSC Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force (DAPTF), in particular from Tim Halliday, Jim Collins, Jim Hanken and John Wilkinson.

The following people provided local logistical support for the GAA workshops: Jean-Marc Hero (Australia), Zhong Shengxian (China), Barasa Johnson (Kenya), Sanjay Molur and Sally Walker (India), Rosa Mary Saengsanthitham (Thailand), Enrique Lahmann (Costa Rica), Sabrina Cowan and Allen Allison (Hawaii), Adriano Paglia, Jose Maria Cardoso da Silva and Luis Paulo de Souza Pinto (Brazil), Paul and Sara Salaman and José Vicente Rodriguez (Ecuador), Doreen Zivkovic (Switzerland), Esteban Lavilla (Argentina), Juan Carlos Ortiz (Chile), David Gower and Mark Wilkinson (UK) and Sixto Inchaustegui (Dominican Republic). We also thank Craig Hilton-Taylor, Michael Wei-Neng Lau, Sanjay Molur, Bob Inger, Arvin Diesmos, Matt Foster, Mike Hoffmann, Penny Langhammer and Don Church who assisted in facilitating working groups during GAA workshops.

Gustavo da Fonseca, Claude Gascon, Russell Mittermeier, Tom Brooks, Larry Master and Georgina Mace provided guidance and encouragement throughout the project, and we wish to express a special debt of gratitude to them. We are particularly thankful to Ana Rodrigues, Resit Akçakaya, Georgina Mace, Stuart Butchart and Tom Lacher for their advice on statistical analysis. Rob Waller, Debra Fischman, Sonia Krogh, Vineet Katariya and Mark Denil provided extensive, highquality GIS support. Xie Feng provided invaluable assistance in many ways, and in particular by helping us with the Chinese data, and giving us access to scientific literature in Chinese. Don Church and Allison Parker did a very large amount of work locating missing bibliographic references and entering them into the database. Laara Manler, Caryn Simmons and Andrew Mitchell gave us the logistical and administrative support that we needed.

The majority of the distribution maps used for US species were adapted from distribution data and maps assembled at Ball State University by Priya Nanjappa, Laura M. Blackburn,. and Michael J. Lannoo. Development of the “United States Amphibian Atlas Database” was supported in part by grants and/or matching funds from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund.

The GAA was entirely dependent on the more than 500 herpetologists who generously gave of their time and knowledge. The enthusiasm and commitment of these people has enabled us to generate a comprehensive global picture of amphibian status and trends for the first time. We record our thanks to the following people, asking for forgiveness from anyone whose name is inadvertently omitted or misspelled: M. Acevedo, A. Acosta, F. Acuña Juncá, M. Adams, S. Adoor, L. Afuang, C. Aguilar Puntriano, R. Albornoz, A. Alcala, R. Alford, M. Ali Reza Khan, A. Allison, D. Almeida, A. Almendariz, A. Amezquita, J.-L. Amiet, N.B. Ananjeva, S.C. Anderson, G. Andrade, F. Andreone, A. Angulo, B. Anthony, M. Ao, K. Aplin, V. Arachchilage Samarawickrama, M.C. Ardila-Robayo, W. Arizabal, N. Arnold, J.W. Arntzen, C. Arzabe, C. Austin, B. Ayyasamy Daniel, C. Azevedo-Ramos, W. Babik, M. Bailey, R. Bain, A. Balasubramanian, D. Baldo, E. Balletto, C. Bambaradeniya, G. Baorong, U. Barrantes, L. Barreto, N.G. Basso, C. Beachy, D. Beamer, T. Beebee, P. Beerli, M. Beier, P. Beja, B.D. Bell, J. Bertoluci, D. Bhagwanrao Sawarkar, G. Bhatta, S. Bhupathy, D. Bickford, S.D. Biju, P. Bishop, S. Blomquist, B. Blotto, R. Boistel, F. Bolaños, W. Bolivar, D.M. Borges-Nojosa, M. Born, J. Bosch, D. Bradford, A. Braswell, R. Brereton, M. Breuil, D. Brown, P. Brown, R. Brown, G. Buddhe, M. Burger, B. Bury, M. Bustamante, P. Cabral Eterovick, A. Cadena, J.E. Cadle, D. Cannatella, L. Canseco, U. Caramaschi, F. Casteñeda, F. Castro, R. Cedeño Vázquez, J.A. Cespedez, B. Chan, T. Chanard, Y. Changyuan, A. Channing, G. Chavez, S. Chelmala, L. Cheng, P. Chippindale, S. Choudhury Bordoloi, Y. Chuaynkern, D. Church, D.F. Cisneros-Heredia, J. Clarke, D. Cogalniceanu, Hal Cogger, Harold Cogger, G.R. Colli, L. Coloma, M. Considine, J.H. Cordova Santa Gadea, C. Cortez Fernandez, R. Crombie, M. Crump, G. Cruz, M. Cunningham, J. Daltry, R. Daniels, C.F.D. da Rocha, I. Das, Y. Datong, T. Davenport, C. Davidson, P.C. de Anchietta Garcia, G. Degani, I.J. de la Riva, M. Denoel, A. De Silva, N. Dharmapriya Rathnayake, L.M. Diaz, H. Díaz-Páez, I.E. di Tada, A.C. Diesmos, A. Disi, N. Doak, K. Dodd, C. Dolino, D. Donaire-Barroso, M.A. Donnelly, L. Dovey, R. Drewes, A. Dubois, W.E. Duellman, T. Dujsebayeva, S. Dutta, T. Eamkamon, P. Edgar, G. Eken, E.H. El Mouden, E. Elron, Z. Ermi, A.R. Estrada, R.A. Estupinan, J. Fa, J. Faivovich, G. Fellers, X. Feng, E. Fernández- Badillo, M. Firoz Ahmed, O. Flores, J. Formas, R. Formas, T. Fretey, Q. Fuenmayor, S. Gafny, U. Galatti, L. Gang, I. García, M. Garcia Paris, J.E. Garcia-Perez, A. Gardner, T. Garner, M. Gartshore, C. Gascon, A. Gasith, P. Gaucher, G. Gee, E. Gem, J. Gerlach, G. Gillespie, V. Giri, F. Glaw, C.A. Gonçalves da Cruz, A.V. Gour-Broome, D. Gower, T. Grant, R. Griffiths, R. Grasso, W. Guanfu, R. Guenther, B. Gutierrez, C. Haddad, S. Haitao, T. Halliday, G.A. Hammerson, K. Hampson, J. Hardy, James Harrison, Julian Harrison, B. Hedges, A. Herman, J. Hernández, M. Hernandez, J.-M. Hero, M.I. Herrera, R. Herrington, R. Heyer, H. Hines, M.S. Hoogmoed, P. Horner, C. Hoskin, K. Howell, S. Hraoui Bloquet, D. Huacaz, G. Hui-qing, D. Hunter, R. Ibanez, B. Ibéné, J. Icochea Monteza, P. Imbun Yambun, S. Inchaustegui, R. Inger, K. Irwin, V. Ischenko, D. Iskandar, D. Jackson, J. Jaeger, C. Jaramillo, R. Jehle, R. Jennings, J. Jensen, J. Jianping, U. Joger, R. Joglar, K.-H. Jungfer, T. Kahn, H. Kaiser, M.D. Kamrul Hasan Dolon, Y. Kaneko, R. Khalikov, W. Khonsue, T. Kiliç, I. Kiss, S. Koenig, G. Köhler, J. Köhler, T. Kovács, F. Kraus, L. Kuangyang, B. Kubicki, T. Kumar Shrestha, P. Kumara, A. Kupfer, H. Kurniati, S. Kuzmin, A. Kwet, L. LaClaire, R. Lajmanovich, M. Lakim, E. La Marca, J.A. Langone, B. Lanza, M. Largen, E.O. Lavilla, D. Lawson, R. Lecis, J. Lee, F. Lemckert, E. Lehr, M. Leonida Diesmos, J. Lescure, F. Liang, K. Lips, M. Littlejohn, M. Lizana Avia, S. Loader, J. Loman, S. Lötters, O. Luiz Peixoto, J. Lynch, R.D. MacCulloch, C. Magin, M. Mahony, R.A. Maldonado-Silva, A. Mallari, K. Manamendra-Arachchi, T. Mann, J. Manzanilla, J.L. Martinez Ruiz, I. Martínez-Solano, C. Marty, I. Maslova, S. Mass, Y. Matamorros, M. Matsui, S. May, J. Mayol Serra, L.C.J. Mazibuko, R. McCranie, R.W. McDiarmid, K. McDonald, J. Measey, J. Meerman, P. Menendez, M. Menegon, J. Menzies, A. Merino-Viteri, E. Meyer, M. Mohan Borah, P. Moler, V.R. Morales, S. Morey, C. Morrison, D. Moyer, C. Miaud, A. Mijares-Urrutia, L. Minter, A. Miranda Leiva, J. Mitchell, V. Molina, S. Molur, M. Morales, G. Moreira Drummond, C. Msuya, H. Muller, A. Muñoz Alonso, E. Muths, J. Nabhitabata, P. Narvaes, Nascimento, D.R. Neira Herrera, R. Neves Feio, D. Newell, F. Nogales, A.M. Nistri, H. Nuñez, J. Nuñez, R.A. Nussbaum, P. Nyström, M. Ogielska, A. Ogrodowczyk, A.M. Ohler, K. Olgun, P. Ong, O.V. Oommen, N. Orlov, J.C. Ortiz, W. Osborne, M. Osorno, K. Ovaska, A. Padhye, L. Paguntalan, C. Painter, J. Palden, J. Palis, S. Panha, T. Papenfuss, F. Parker, G. Parra, M. Parris, A.M. Paulino Telles de Carvalho e Silva, D. Pavan, C. Pearl, M. Pedregosa, R. Pereira Bastos, J.-L. Perret, R. Pethiyagoda, C. Phillips, M. Pickersgill, B. Pimenta, L. Pipeng, J.P. Pombal Jr., S. Potsch de Carvalho e Silva, J.C. Poynton, V.A. Prasanna Samarawickrama, D. Price, A. Pounds, R. Powell, M. Puky, R. Puschendorf, N. Quang Truong, A.C. Queiroz Carnaval, A. Quevedo Gil, M.P. Ramirez, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, M.S. Ravichandran, C.J. Raxworthy, P. Ray, E. Recuero Gil, S. Reichle, J.M. Renjifo, R. Retallick, R.P. Reynolds, S. Richards, S. Richter, D. Roberts, P. Robertson, A. Rodríguez, L. Rodriguez, A. Rodríguez Gómez, M.-O. Roedel, S. Ron, J. Rorabaugh, D. de C. Rossa-Feres, D. Roy, J.V. Rueda Almonacid, T. Ryan, R.A. Sadek, A.W. Salas, A. Salvador, S. Santiago, G. Santos Barrera, P. Sanyal, S.M.D. Sarkar Uddin, J. Savage, R. Schabetsberger, A. Schiotz, B. Schmidt, R. Schulte, T. Schwaner, E. Scott, N. Scott, M.V. Segalla, C. Senaris, S. Sengupta, B. Shaffer, K. Shanker, M. Sharif Khan, Mumpuni, L. Shengquan, D. Shepard, L. Shoo, L. Shunqing, R. Siegel, D. Silvano, U. Sinsch, G. Skuk, T. Slimani, E.N. Smith, F. Solís, M. Sparreboom, M. Sredl, C. Srinivasulu, M. Stoeck, B. Stuart, R. Stuebing, N. Suhaina Yaakob, J. Sukumaran, R. Swain, S. Swan, S.R.M Swarnapali Samaradiwaka, M. Tandy, D. Tarkhnishvili, M. Tejedo, K. Thirakhupt, R. Thomas, H. Thu Cuc, R. Tinsley, M. Tocher, E. Toral, J. Townsend, M. Trefaut Rodrigues, L. Tzi Ming, B. Tuniyev, D. Ubaldo, C.A. Ubeda, I.H. Ugurtas, K. Ukuwwela, T. Uzzell, D. Vallan, P.P. Van Dijk, M. Van Sluys, K. Vasudevan, A. Veloso, M. Vences, V. Verdade, S.P. Vijayakumar, P. Vogel, M. Vogrin, J. Vonesh, J. Vörös, V. Vredenburg, R. Vyas, D. Wake, M. Wake, B. Waldman, P. Walker, D. Watling, A. Weerasinghe, S. Weerawardhena, M. Wei Neng Lau, H. Welsh, Z. Wenge, C. Wenhao, Y.L. Werner, D. Wickramasinghe, E.R. Wild, J. Wilkinson, M. Wilkinson, B. Wilson, L.D. Wilson, G.Wogan, A. Wong, E.M. Xavier Freire, W. Xiuling, M. Yánez-Muñoz, B. Young, W. Yuezhao, Y. Zhigang, Z. Zhonghua, G. Zug, and R. Zweifel.

Global Mammal Assessment (GMA):

The contribution of the GMA to the 2004 IUCN Red List has been limited largely to the assessments conducted at the African Small Mammals Workshop (see list of participants above under workshops). We wish to record our thanks to the coordinators of this project: Jonathan Baillie, Mariano Gimenez Dixon, Wes Sechrest and their support staff Zoe Cokeliss and Cody Schank. We thank in particular the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund for funding the African Small Mammals Workshop, the Central African Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE), Instituto di Ecologia Applicata, and the Zoological Society of London for helping to fund the African Small Mammals Workshop. We would also like to acknowledge the helpful collaboration of Elsevier and their Mammals of Africa (MoA) initiative edited by David Happold, Jonathan Kingdon, and Thomas Butynski.

IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Assessment Programme:

The IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Assessment Programme has contributed assessments to the 2004 IUCN Red List as a result of regional assessment projects they have conducted. Will Darwall, the Programme Officer, and his interns Thomas Lowe and Kevin Smith are thanked for their help in running the projects and processing these assessments and the supporting documentation for the Red List. The East African Freshwater Biodiversity Assessment project was carried out with financial support from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGIS) under the Partners for Wise Use of Wetlands Programme, managed by Wetlands International. Conservation International Madagascar provided funding for a project to evaluate the conservation status of endemic freshwater fish of Madagascar (assessed initially at a CBSG CAMP Workshop, see above) and to map their distributions. The IUCN Water and Nature Initiative (WANI) also provides support to this Programme.

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