A number of overall reviews of lessons learnt through the practice of human elephant conflict mitigation have been published.
HEC Reviews and Case Studies
Overall reviews
Vertical integration model
Human-elephant conflict must be tackled at many levels, geographical and organizational, ranging from the site to the central government.
This case study provides an assessment of the players involved in HEC management in Tanzania and their roles.
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‘Vertically Integrated’ human-elephant conflict management system in Tanzania: Background and next steps | PDF Document 105KB |
Understanding HEC
Determination of significant factors in Human-Elephant Conflict
- Comparative analysis of elephant damage levels versus losses from other pest species in subsistence agricultural communities.
- Identification of factors contributing to rural peoples' negative attitudes to elephants.
- Improved understanding of human-elephant conflict dynamics in tropical forested areas.
- Recognition of the importance of problem elephant sub-populations and insights into their social ecology.
Managing problem elephants
- Identification of policy vacuums in problem elephant management at national level.
- Formulation of principles for the management of problem elephants.
- Relative ineffectiveness of monetary compensation schemes for elephant damage.
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A review of problem elephant policies and management options in southern Africa | PDF Document 13KB |
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HECWG Technical Brief: Review of Compensation Schemes for Agricultural and Other Damage Caused by Elephants | PDF Document 24KB |
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Fencing and other barriers against problem elephants | PDF Document 80KB |
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Mitigating Elephant Crop-raiding: The Red Volta Valley Experience, Ghana | PDF Document 59KB |
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The Elephants of Cabinda:Mission Report Angola, April 2005 | PDF Document 636KB |
Spatial analysis of HEC
- Study of the potential future role for geographical information systems (GIS) to store, analyse and present data on human-elephant conflict.





